Abstract: In recent years,the preparation and application of graphene and its composites have gained more and more attention. The detection methods of environmental pollutants using graphene materials have acquired significant progress,especially with respect to the analysis of heavy metals in water. This paper reviews the research status of the method to analyze heavy metals in the water by the various types of graphene materials,with the focus on the preparation and performance of gaphene matrix composite electrode. The mechanisms and advantages of detection methods are also compared. It is found that graphene materials have natural advantages in heavy metal ion detection due to their excellent electronic transmission performance,which helps to achieve the online,in situ,and real-time detection of heavy metal ion in water. Nevertheless,the research of graphene modified electrode is just in its infancy,and its anti-interference ability and selectivity,and electrode reuse performance are poor,and the practical application is limited. Therefore,it is highly demanded to conduct the preparation of graphene modified new composite electrode,to improve the anti-jamming ability and selectivity of electrochemical analysis methods,to increase the life of the electrode and its application in unconventional environment,and to develop the application scope of graphene matrix composite electrode.

Key words: graphene, composites, heavy metals, electrochemistry

摘要： 近几年，石墨烯及其复合材料的制备及应用受到广泛关注，在环境污染物检测方面取得了显著进展，尤其是水中重金属分析方法的研究。本文综述了各类石墨烯材料用于水中重金属离子检测的研究现状，着重分析了石墨烯改性电极的制备、性能及其电化学检测方法的机理和优缺点。发现石墨烯材料的优异电子传输性能，使其在重金属离子电化学测试方法开发方面具有天然优势，有助于实现在线、原位、实时检测水体中重金属离子；但是石墨烯改性电极研究刚刚起步，存在诸如抗干扰能力和选择性差、电极重复使用性能差、实际应用研究少等问题，有必要继续开展石墨烯修饰的新型复合电极制备，进一步提高电化学测试方法的选择性和抗干扰能力，增加电极使用寿命和非常规环境下的应用研究，拓展石墨烯基复合电极的应用范围等。

关键词: 石墨烯, 复合材料, 重金属, 电化学