Abstract: The experiment was carried out with Zhaotong lignite as material.The base-dissolving acidification method was used to extract humic acid from Zhaotong lignite.The extraction rate and quality of humic acid in different operating conditions were explored.The humin(the residue of lignite) was carried out by pyrolysis and gasification.The yield of gas,the yield of tar,the yield of char,the composition of gas and the composition of tar were used as the analysis index to study the pyrolysis and gasification characteristics.The results show that NaOH of 1.5%,reaction temperature of 70℃,reaction time of 3h and reaction pressure of 2MPa are the best operating conditions to extract humic acid and the yield of humic acid could reach 41%.The total acidic functional groups content in humic acid reaches 6.8mmol/g.Among it,the carboxyl functional group content achieves 4.4mmol/g.The yield of ash in humic acid is 14.23%.Humic acid adsorption capacity gradation of metal elements is Al > Si > Fe > Ca > K > Mg.The pyrolysis gas yield of humin is 15.72% and the tar yield is 2.29%.

Key words: humic acid, preparation, pyrolysis, fixed-bed, cascade utilization

摘要： 以昭通褐煤为原料，通过碱溶酸析法提取腐植酸，探讨各工艺条件下褐煤腐植酸的提取率、腐植酸的品质，并对提完腐植酸后剩余的褐煤腐黑物进行热解气化，以热解产物分布、热解气及焦油的组成为指标，研究其热解气化特性，为开发“腐植酸的提取——腐黑物的低温热解”梯级利用提供基础数据，结果表明：1.5% NaOH、70℃反应温度和3h反应时间、2MPa压力下腐植酸的产率较高，可达到41%以上，得到的腐植酸的总酸性官能团含量可高达6.8mmol/g，其中主要的羧基官能团含量达到4.4mmol/g，腐植酸的灰分产率为14.23%，其对金属元素吸附大小顺序为Al > Si > Fe > Ca > K > Mg。腐黑物（残渣）热解气产率为15.72%，焦油产率为2.29%，热解气中主要的成分有H₂、CO、CO₂、CH₄，其中H₂的含量最高可达38.2%，焦油的组分较重且极为复杂，热解半焦的固定碳含量有所提高，热解产物中各组分的含量及比值随热解工艺条件的变化有所改变。

关键词: 腐植酸, 制备, 热解, 固定床, 梯级利用