Abstract: The influence of US large-scale development of shale gas on world’s natural gas and petrochemical industry has been initially apparent. Global natural gas supply and demand，U.S. energy structure and world’s petrochemical industry under the influence of US shale gas are discussed in this paper. US natural gas will gradually achieve self-sufficiency and export in a few years，US energy structure will be optimized，ammonia，methanol，olefin and other petrochemicals will be developing，and the supply and demand of the world petrochemical products will possibly change greatly.

Key words: shale gas, natural gas, supply and demand, energy structure, petrochemical industry, poly-&beta, -hydroxybutyrate；Rhodococcus sp.；fermentation；optimization, water extraction dregs, pretreatment, cellulose, cellulase, glucose, oil shale, orthogonal experiment, acid treatment de-ashing, pyrolysis, petroleum, production, polymer, vinyl chloride, ethylene dichloride

摘要： 美国页岩气的大规模开发对世界天然气和石油化工产业的影响已初步显现，本文从页岩气资源储量和生产现状出发，探讨了美国页岩气对世界天然气供求格局、美国能源结构和世界石油化工产业的影响，指出美国天然气将逐步实现自给，并在未来几年有望出口；美国自身能源结构将得到优化，合成氨、甲醇、烯烃等石油化工产业呈现发展趋势，世界石油化工产品供求格局将可能发生较大变化。

关键词: 页岩气, 天然气, 供求格局, 能源结构, 石油化工工业, 聚-&beta, -羟基丁酸酯, 红球菌属, 发酵, 优化, 水提药渣, 预处理, 纤维素, 纤维素酶, 葡萄糖, 油页岩, 正交实验, 酸洗脱灰, 热解, 石油, 生产, 聚合物, 氯乙烯, 二氯乙烷