Abstract: Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) is a new and promising biological nitrogen removal technology. It is a burning issue due to its high-rate and cost-effectiveness for nitrogen removal from wastewater. However，Anammox bacteria presents a very long doubling time and low cellular yield，and is susceptible to environmental conditions. Therefore，it is necessary to take careful methods to cultivate Anammox biomass. Based on the characteristics of the Anammox enrichment and the seeding sludge sources，the enrichment techniques are introduced and discussed in this paper. It is proposed that the enrichment course of Anammox culture can be accelerated with useful controlling and enhancing strategies.

摘要： 厌氧氨氧化技术是近年来开发成功的新型生物脱氮技术，其脱氮效能大大突破了传统硝化-反硝化技术，具有十分诱人的应用前景。但厌氧氨氧化菌细胞产率极低，生长缓慢，且对环境条件较为敏感，要使接种物显现厌氧氨氧化功能，必须对其进行精心培育。根据厌氧氨氧化菌富集培养物的特点和接种污泥的来源，探讨了厌氧氨氧化菌富集培养技术，指出采取控制和强化技术可加快厌氧氨氧化菌富集培养过程。