Abstract: Heavy carbon resources (HCRs) are the most abundant organic resources globally and their efficient utilization is crucially important for the sustainable development of national economy，whereas the key issue restraining efficient utilization of HCRs is lack of understanding of the compositions and structures of organic macromolecular components in HCRs. Investigating the compositions and structures in soluble organic matter，especially macromolecular organic species，from HCRs in molecular level under the direction of molecular coal chemistry theory and using related separation and non-destructive (or slightly destructive) methods can provide reliable theoretical basis for developing new technologies of directly separating value-added chemicals from HCRs or directionally converting HCRs to clean and highly calorific fuels along with value-added chemicals.

摘要： 介绍了重质碳资源是地球上最丰富的有机资源，其高效利用对国民经济的可持续发展至关重要，而制约重质碳资源高效利用的关键问题是人们迄今缺乏对其中有机质大分子组成结构的了解。评述了以分子煤化学理论作为指导，利用可分离和非破坏或轻度破坏性的方法从分子水平上研究重质碳资源中可溶有机质，特别是有机大分子成分的组成结构及研究进展，可以为开发从重质碳资源中直接分离高附加值化学品和定向转化重质碳资源为洁净和高热值燃料及高附加值化学品的新工艺提供可靠的理论依据。