Abstract: Biocatalysts are important for the industrial processes of biocatalysis. The production processes are carried out at a high concentration of substrate or product，high ion concentration，in an acidic or alkaline solution，even in an organic medium for some special substrates，and are of considerable economic significance because of high conversion efficiency. The discovery and development of effective biocatalysts are the key point of practical processes of biocatalysis. Extremophiles have been considered as an important source of effective biocatalysts. This review focuses on the discovery and development of some useful biocatalysts from thermophiles，halophiles，radioresistance extremephiles，organic-solvent tolerant microorganisms. The main emphasis is put on some comprehensive examples concerning some unique biocatalysts and their effective bio-conversion. The future prospects of extremophiles as abundant resources for the industrial effective biocatalysts are addressed.

摘要： 工业催化领域对生物催化剂提出了苛刻的要求，特别是高浓度底物或产物、高离子强度、酸碱条件及其非水相催化，如何获得高效的生物催化剂是催化技术发展的关键。极端微生物是高效工业生物催化剂的重要来源，本文主要介绍从嗜热菌、嗜盐菌或耐盐菌、耐辐射微生物、耐有机溶剂等极端微生物出发发现并开发高效工业生物催化剂，可望为生物技术的进一步发展提供一个更广阔的资源。