Progress on carbon capture technology for vehicle exhausts

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1817

Abstract

Abstract:

The application of vehicle carbon capture and on-board retention (VCCOR) systems represents a new strategy to achieve net-zero emissions in the road transportation sector, which predominantly relies on internal combustion engines. The objective of this paper was to reduce carbon emissions from vehicle exhaust through the review of VCCOR systems. Firstly, the principles and characteristics of classical carbon capture technology were discussed, focusing on its applicability and development in vehicular applications. Furthermore, the overall configuration characteristics of VCCOR systems were explored, highlighting the key technical challenges that may arise in their large-scale deployment. The research results indicated that efficient and low-energy consumption separation and storage of CO₂ from vehicle exhaust through VCCOR systems was a feasible carbon reduction technology pathway. However, this technology was still in its early stages and required further investigation in various aspects such as technology, cost, safety and policy.

Key words: vehicle exhausts, internal combustion engine, carbon dioxide capture, vehicle carbon capture and storage

摘要：

车载碳捕集和存储（VCCOR）系统的应用是实现以内燃机为主要动力源的道路交通运输部门净零排放目标的新策略。本文以减少车辆尾气中的碳排放为目标，针对VCCOR系统开展综述。首先围绕经典碳捕集技术的原理和特点，讨论其在车载应用中的适用性和发展情况；其次，针对VCCOR系统的整体配置特点，探讨其规模化应用发展所可能面临的关键技术难题。通过VCCOR系统的应用，高效、低能耗地实现车辆尾气中CO₂的分离和存储是一条可行的碳减排技术路线。然而，该技术目前仍处于起步阶段，在技术、成本、安全和政策等多方面仍需开展深入研究。

关键词: 车辆尾气, 内燃机, 二氧化碳捕集, 车载碳捕集和存储

CLC Number:

X701

ZHU Rong, LI Shuangjun, HUANG Yaowei, LI Wanyang, LI Chunfeng, LAN Wenchao, PENG Yujia, DENG Shuai. Progress on carbon capture technology for vehicle exhausts[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(12): 7190-7204.

朱蓉, 李双俊, 黄耀炜, 李万洋, 李淳风, 兰文超, 逄钰家, 邓帅. 机动车尾气碳捕集技术研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(12): 7190-7204.

Figures/Tables 13

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内燃机参数				尾气特征					VCCOR技术			文献
型号	燃料	转速/r·min^-1	负荷	成分	温度/℃	流速	压力/MPa	CO₂体积分数/%	捕集方式	CO₂捕获率	能耗	文献
M936G	天然气	1000	75%	CO₂, H₂O, N₂	560	0.09kg/s	0.109	15.40	固相吸附（活性炭）	70.00%	631kJ/kg	[21]
Ford EcoSport (Euro-Ⅴ)	汽油	700	—	CO₂, CO, NO _x, HC	200	5800L/h	0.101	14.10	固相吸附（Al₂O₃）	7.35%	—	[22]
Volkswagen jetta TDI	柴油	800	-	CO₂, CO, HC, O₂	200	195kg/h	0.101	2.56	固相吸附（Al₂O₃）	14.40%		[23]
—	柴油	800	—	CO₂, CO, NO _x, HC, O₂	200	195kg/h	0.101	4.45	固相吸附（ZSM-5沸石）	43.00%	—	[24]
Kirloskar TAF AV1	柴油	—	—	CO₂, CO, HC, NO _x,	200	—	—	—	固相吸附（沸石13X）	45.00%	—	[25]
Volvo D13	柴油	1200	25600kg	CO₂, N₂, H₂O	110	100g/s	3	15.00	固相吸附（KAUST-7）	53.00%	—	[26]
—	—	—	—	CO₂, N₂	95	157L/min	—	—	溶剂吸收（50% NaOH和50%Ca(OH)₂）	100%~20% (0~370min)	—	[27]
Turbocharged DI diesel engine	柴油	1500	1.13kg	CO₂, CO, NO _x, HC, O₂	76	—	—	5.98	溶剂吸收（乙醇胺）	90.95%	再生能耗2.2kW·h	[28]
M936G	天然气	1900	25%	CO₂	—	754.7kg/h	0.109	—	溶剂吸收（质量分数30%乙醇胺）	66.00%	—	[5]
—	柴油	—	3500kg	CO₂, N₂, H₂O	250	13.3kmol/h	0.303	10.00	膜分离（MFI-氧化铝中空纤维膜）	75.00%	—	[29]

内燃机参数				尾气特征					VCCOR技术			文献
型号	燃料	转速/r·min^-1	负荷	成分	温度/℃	流速	压力/MPa	CO₂体积分数/%	捕集方式	CO₂捕获率	能耗	文献
M936G	天然气	1000	75%	CO₂, H₂O, N₂	560	0.09kg/s	0.109	15.40	固相吸附（活性炭）	70.00%	631kJ/kg	[21]
Ford EcoSport (Euro-Ⅴ)	汽油	700	—	CO₂, CO, NO _x, HC	200	5800L/h	0.101	14.10	固相吸附（Al₂O₃）	7.35%	—	[22]
Volkswagen jetta TDI	柴油	800	-	CO₂, CO, HC, O₂	200	195kg/h	0.101	2.56	固相吸附（Al₂O₃）	14.40%		[23]
—	柴油	800	—	CO₂, CO, NO _x, HC, O₂	200	195kg/h	0.101	4.45	固相吸附（ZSM-5沸石）	43.00%	—	[24]
Kirloskar TAF AV1	柴油	—	—	CO₂, CO, HC, NO _x,	200	—	—	—	固相吸附（沸石13X）	45.00%	—	[25]
Volvo D13	柴油	1200	25600kg	CO₂, N₂, H₂O	110	100g/s	3	15.00	固相吸附（KAUST-7）	53.00%	—	[26]
—	—	—	—	CO₂, N₂	95	157L/min	—	—	溶剂吸收（50% NaOH和50%Ca(OH)₂）	100%~20% (0~370min)	—	[27]
Turbocharged DI diesel engine	柴油	1500	1.13kg	CO₂, CO, NO _x, HC, O₂	76	—	—	5.98	溶剂吸收（乙醇胺）	90.95%	再生能耗2.2kW·h	[28]
M936G	天然气	1900	25%	CO₂	—	754.7kg/h	0.109	—	溶剂吸收（质量分数30%乙醇胺）	66.00%	—	[5]
—	柴油	—	3500kg	CO₂, N₂, H₂O	250	13.3kmol/h	0.303	10.00	膜分离（MFI-氧化铝中空纤维膜）	75.00%	—	[29]

VCCOR技术与评价指标	技术优势	技术制约	技术成熟度	紧凑性	捕集效率	能源消耗
溶剂吸收	高效吸收，技术成熟	溶剂蒸发损失大，再生能耗高，设备腐蚀	成熟	尺寸较大吸收塔、解吸塔及换热器的安装	高（90%+）	高
固相吸附	适用低浓度及空间受限碳源	受限于吸附剂成本、吸附容量及稳定性	较成熟	设备较小，适合模块化部署	较高（80%~90%）	低至中等
膜分离	能耗较低，操作简便	易受污染，膜材料稳定性差，成本较高	较新	占地面积小，紧凑型最佳	中等（70%~85%）	中等
低温分离	高捕集效率	适用高浓度碳源，高制冷能耗	较成熟	压缩、制冷装置占地面积大	高（95%+）	非常高
微藻固碳	可持续，低能耗，高附加值	能量利用效率低，依赖阳光	不成熟	需较大面积的养殖空间	中等（70%~85%）	低

VCCOR技术与评价指标	技术优势	技术制约	技术成熟度	紧凑性	捕集效率	能源消耗
溶剂吸收	高效吸收，技术成熟	溶剂蒸发损失大，再生能耗高，设备腐蚀	成熟	尺寸较大吸收塔、解吸塔及换热器的安装	高（90%+）	高
固相吸附	适用低浓度及空间受限碳源	受限于吸附剂成本、吸附容量及稳定性	较成熟	设备较小，适合模块化部署	较高（80%~90%）	低至中等
膜分离	能耗较低，操作简便	易受污染，膜材料稳定性差，成本较高	较新	占地面积小，紧凑型最佳	中等（70%~85%）	中等
低温分离	高捕集效率	适用高浓度碳源，高制冷能耗	较成熟	压缩、制冷装置占地面积大	高（95%+）	非常高
微藻固碳	可持续，低能耗，高附加值	能量利用效率低，依赖阳光	不成熟	需较大面积的养殖空间	中等（70%~85%）	低