Abstract:

Alkyl naphthalene, an important aromatic lubricating base oil, offers excellent oxidation stability and compatibility properties. Traditionally, the alkylation reaction of naphthalene and olefins utilizes inorganic acids and solid acids as catalysts, but these methods are plagued by equipment corrosion and high reaction temperatures. The paper explores the alkylation of naphthalene with tetradecene to synthesize lubricating base oil, with acidic ionic liquids as catalysts. This study investigates the effects of ionic liquid composition, olefin to naphthalene ratio, reaction temperature, olefin droplet rate, and catalyst dosage on the reaction results. The ionic liquid composed of triethylamine hydrochloride and aluminum chloride proves beneficial for generating polyalkylation products. By adjusting the feed ratio of tetradecane and naphthalene, three samples with different side chain alkyl groups were successfully synthesized. Subsequently, the physicochemical and tribological properties of the synthesized base oils were tested and evaluated. According to the experimental results, alkyl naphthalenes with more alkyl groups on the side chain exhibit higher viscosity. Among the synthesized base oils, the sample with the feed ratio of 2 demonstrates superior viscosity index and suitable viscosity, offering advantages in reducing wear and enhancing anti-wear properties as a lubricating base oil.

Key words: ionic liquids, catalysis, synthesis, long-chain alkyl naphthalene, base oil, tribological properties

摘要：

烷基萘是一类重要的芳香基润滑基础油，具有优良的氧化安定性和配伍性质。萘和烯烃烷基化反应通常采用无机酸或固体酸作为催化剂，存在对反应装置腐蚀和反应温度高的缺点。本文采用酸性离子液体为催化剂，探索了萘和长链烯烃烷基化反应并合成润滑基础油，系统考察了离子液体组成、烯萘比、反应温度、烯烃滴加速度和催化剂用量对催化反应结果的影响，其中三乙胺盐酸盐和氯化铝形成的离子液体有利于多烷基产物的生成。通过调控十四烯和萘进料比例（1~3），合成了3种具有不同侧链烷基数目的烷基萘基础油，分别测试和评价了合成基础油的理化性质和摩擦学性能。实验结果表明，烷基萘侧链烷基的数目越多黏度越高，烯萘比为2的基础油具有最佳的黏度指数和适宜的黏度，作为润滑基础油在减摩和抗磨方面具有优势。

关键词: 离子液体, 催化, 合成, 长链烷基萘, 基础油, 摩擦学性能