Abstract:

Adaptive camouflage is an advanced technology that integrates materials science, sensing technology and control engineering. This technology can adjust the detected target in real time according to the changes of the surrounding background environment, so that the optical characteristics of the target in a certain spectral range (such as visible light and infrared) are consistent or close to the background, so as to effectively reduce the detection probability of the target. In recent years, a series of optical control devices and systems based on different control modes have been developed, all of which are play extremely important roles in the field of adaptive camouflage. The research progress of visible light and infrared adaptive camouflage technology was reviewed from four aspects, including light-driven adaptive camouflage, thermal-driven adaptive camouflage, electric-driven adaptive camouflage and intelligent integrated system-driven adaptive camouflage. The control principles and implementation methods of various adaptive camouflage technologies were briefly introduced. Finally, the future development trend of adaptive camouflage technology was discussed, and it was pointed out that the technology was still in the experimental stage, its performance was unstable in the actual environment, and it was difficult to cope with complex background information. Through the research and development of camouflage materials and the establishment of complex background information processing system, the foundation could be laid for the intelligent and diversified development of adaptive camouflage technology.

Key words: visible light, infrared light, adaptive camouflage, integration, drive, spectral signature

摘要：

自适应伪装是一种综合材料科学、传感技术和控制工程等多领域知识的前沿技术。该技术可以根据周围背景环境变化实时调整被侦测目标，使目标在一定光谱范围内（如可见光和红外光）的光学特征与背景保持一致或接近，从而有效地降低目标被探测概率。近年来已发展出一系列基于不同控制方式的光学调控器件和系统，其均在自适应伪装领域发挥出重要作用。本文从四个方面综述了可见光和红外自适应伪装技术研究进展，包括光驱动自适应伪装、热驱动自适应伪装、电驱动自适应伪装和智能集成系统驱动自适应伪装，并阐述了各类自适应伪装技术的调控原理及其实现方式。探讨了自适应伪装技术的未来发展趋势，指出目前该技术仍处于实验阶段，实际环境中性能不太稳定，难以应对复杂的背景信息，通过伪装材料的研发和复杂背景信息处理系统的建立，可以为自适应伪装技术迈向智能化和多样化发展奠定基础。

关键词: 可见光, 红外光, 自适应伪装, 集成, 驱动, 光谱特征