Abstract:

Graphene, a two-dimensional nanomaterial with excellent physical and chemical properties, is widely used in batteries, catalysis, sensors, printing, biomedicine and other fields. However, the application and development of graphene and its derivatives face great challenges in achieving low-cost, high-quality and large-scale production. Herein, the progress of large-scale preparation of graphene by liquid-phase exfoliation was reviewed. The focus was on exploring the principles of pretreatment methods for liquid-phase exfoliation, including electrochemical intercalation, solvent intercalation, high-temperature expansion and microwave expansion, and their effects on the exfoliation effect of graphene. Subsequently, the advantages/disadvantages and selection principles of exfoliation solvents, such as water-based solvents, organic solvents and mixed solvents, were analyzed. The exfoliation principles and advantages/disadvantages of process intensification equipment, such as ultrasonic, high-shear and microchannel, were compared. Then, the post-processing method and separation effect of centrifugal separation on graphene were briefly described. Finally, the efficient production of graphene by liquid-phase exfoliation was being improved through multi-objective optimization techniques by integrating artificial intelligence. This included experimenting with residual-free functional intercalation agents and combining them with gentle and rapid expansion methods; exploring solvent systems with properties such as low toxicity, low boiling points and high dispersion characteristics; accurately regulating the liquid-phase exfoliation mechanism and engineering cascaded centrifugation equipment to achieve continuous, large-scale and cost-effective rapid production of graphene.

Key words: graphene, liquid-phase exfoliation, two-dimensional nanomaterial, high-shear, microchannel, efficient preparation

摘要：

石墨烯是一种具有优良物理化学性质的二维纳米材料，广泛应用于电池、催化、传感器、印刷、生物医药等领域。然而，石墨烯及其衍生产品的应用与发展面临着巨大挑战——低成本、高品质、规模化生产。本文综述了液相剥离法高效制备石墨烯的研究进展，重点探讨了电化学插层法、溶剂插层法、高温膨胀法和微波膨胀法等液相剥离的前处理方法原理以及对石墨烯剥离效果的影响；分析了水基溶剂、有机溶剂和混合溶剂等剥离溶剂的优缺点与选取原则；对比了超声、高剪切和微通道等过程强化设备的剥离原理和优缺点；简述了离心分离的后处理方法以及分离效果；最后对液相剥离法宏量制备石墨烯的发展趋势进行了展望：通过结合人工智能等方法进行多目标优化，开发无残留的功能化插层剂并匹配温和快速的膨胀方法，寻找低毒、低沸点、高分散的溶剂体系，精确调控液相剥离设备作用机理，设计连续化梯级离心设备，实现液相剥离制备石墨烯的连续化、规模化、低成本快速制备。

关键词: 石墨烯, 液相剥离, 二维纳米材料, 高剪切, 微通道, 高效制备