Advances and prospects of high temperature-resistant fracturing fluid in ultra-deep reservoir

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-1401

Abstract

Abstract:

Ultra-deep oil and gas resources are the key breakthrough field for increasing reserves and production in future oil and gas exploration and development in China. Fracturing is an important way to complete the efficient development of ultra-deep oil and gas. However, ultra-deep fracturing faces harsh conditions, which poses new challenges to the fracturing working fluid. The research progress of ultra-deep high temperature resistant fracturing fluid was reviewed from three aspects: thickening agent, crosslinking agent and delayed crosslinking technology. The development history of thickening agents and cross-linking agents commonly used at home and abroad to improve the temperature resistance of fracturing fluids was summarized, and the temperature resistance limit of existing deep/ultra-deep fracturing fluids was clarified. The delayed crosslinking technology relying on environmental response had the most potential for application. At present, there were still problems with high concentrations of additives, complex molecular structures and high wellbore friction in temperature-resistant fracturing fluids. Developing high temperature-resistant delayed crosslinking fracturing fluids with low damage, high drag reduction and low cost would be the future development direction of ultra-deep fracturing fluids, which can provide a reference for further improving the efficient development of fracturing fluid technology for deep/ultra-deep oil and gas in China.

Key words: ultra-deep reservoir, fracturing fluid, high temperature-resistant, delayed crosslinking

摘要：

深层/超深层油气资源是我国未来油气勘探开发和增储上产的重点突破领域。压裂是实现超深层油气高效开发的重要手段，但超深层压裂面临的苛刻条件对压裂液提出了新的挑战。现从增稠剂、交联剂和延迟交联技术三方面对超深层耐高温压裂液研究进展进行综述。回顾国内外常用稠化剂和交联剂对于提升压裂液耐温性能的发展历程，明确现有深层/超深层压裂液的耐温界限。目前在压裂液延迟交联的技术方法中依靠环境响应的延迟交联技术最具有应用潜力，但耐温压裂液仍然存在“用剂浓度高、分子结构复杂、井筒摩阻高”的问题。研发具有低伤害、高减阻、低成本的耐高温延迟交联压裂液将是超深层压裂液未来的发展方向，可为进一步完善我国深层/超深层油气高效开发压裂工作液技术提供借鉴。

关键词: 超深层, 压裂液, 耐高温, 延迟交联

CLC Number:

TE357

XU Zhongzheng, ZHAO Mingwei, LIU Jiawei, DAI Caili. Advances and prospects of high temperature-resistant fracturing fluid in ultra-deep reservoir[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(9): 4845-4858.

徐忠正, 赵明伟, 刘佳伟, 戴彩丽. 超深层耐高温压裂液研究进展与展望[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(9): 4845-4858.

Figures/Tables 13

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方法	表面活性剂	参考文献
增加表面活性剂链长	芥酸类超长疏水链双子阳离子表面活性剂	[29]
引入耐温功能基团	长碳链双子季铵盐表面活性剂	[35]
	芥酸酰胺丙基二甲基叔胺三子表面活性剂	[30]
	具有刚性环己烷结构的双阳离子表面活性剂	[32]
	含有羟基的C₁₆表面活性剂	[36]
	含有羟基和酰胺基团的Gemini双子表面活性剂	[31]
引入无机纳米材料	双子阳离子聚表面活性剂+纳米TiO₂	[37]
	两性离子油酰胺丙基甜菜碱表面活性剂+ 羟基化多壁碳纳米管	[38]
	十六烷基三甲基溴化铵+纳米SiO₂	[39]

方法	表面活性剂	参考文献
增加表面活性剂链长	芥酸类超长疏水链双子阳离子表面活性剂	[29]
引入耐温功能基团	长碳链双子季铵盐表面活性剂	[35]
	芥酸酰胺丙基二甲基叔胺三子表面活性剂	[30]
	具有刚性环己烷结构的双阳离子表面活性剂	[32]
	含有羟基的C₁₆表面活性剂	[36]
	含有羟基和酰胺基团的Gemini双子表面活性剂	[31]
引入无机纳米材料	双子阳离子聚表面活性剂+纳米TiO₂	[37]
	两性离子油酰胺丙基甜菜碱表面活性剂+ 羟基化多壁碳纳米管	[38]
	十六烷基三甲基溴化铵+纳米SiO₂	[39]

方法	优缺点	参考文献
提高分子量	分子量过高会导致稠化剂溶解和注入困难	[43]
支化/梯形/杂化构型	工艺流程复杂，产率低	[44]
引入疏水基团	可大幅度提高增黏耐温能力，存在水溶性和产出液处理的问题	[45]
引入杂原子耐温型基团	技术成熟，可兼具刚性侧基、支化优势	[46-49]
引入大位阻刚性侧基	有效提高耐温耐盐性能，聚合过程存在接枝率问题	[47]

方法	优缺点	参考文献
提高分子量	分子量过高会导致稠化剂溶解和注入困难	[43]
支化/梯形/杂化构型	工艺流程复杂，产率低	[44]
引入疏水基团	可大幅度提高增黏耐温能力，存在水溶性和产出液处理的问题	[45]
引入杂原子耐温型基团	技术成熟，可兼具刚性侧基、支化优势	[46-49]
引入大位阻刚性侧基	有效提高耐温耐盐性能，聚合过程存在接枝率问题	[47]

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