Abstract:

As a non-metallic semiconductor material, graphite phase carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) shows good application prospects in the fields of energy and environmental catalysis due to its unique physical and chemical properties and excellent photocatalytic performance.However, the disadvantages of bulk phase g-C₃N₄, such as low degree of polymerization, small specific surface area and few active sites, restrict its further application. The synthesis of bulk g-C₃N₄ into various low-dimensional structure is one of the effective strategies to overcome the above defects. Based on the above modification strategies, this article systematically introduces the main synthesis methods of low-dimensional g-C₃N₄ with zero dimensional, one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional nanostructures in recent years, analyzes the effects of different dimensions on the energy band structure, generation and transfer efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes, light absorption capacity and photocatalytic performance of g-C₃N₄, and summarizes the specific applications of materials with different dimensions in the fields of energy and environmental catalysis. At the same time, it is pointed out that the current research work generally had some problems, such as lack of in-depth reaction mechanism, and lack of large-scale synthesis and industrial application. Looking forward to the future while strengthening the theoretical in-depth research, it is necessary to further expand the development of key technologies of g-C₃N₄ in the field of industrial treatment of wastewater and waste gas and that of carbon conversion in order to provide direction and guidance for the follow-up research work.

Key words: graphitic carbon nitride, photocatalysis, low dimension, synthesis

摘要：

作为一种非金属半导体材料，石墨相氮化碳（g-C₃N₄）因其独特的物理和化学性质及优异的光催化性能，在能源和环境催化等领域展现出良好的应用前景，但体相g-C₃N₄存在聚合度低、比表面积小、活性位点少等缺点，制约了其进一步应用。将体相g-C₃N₄合成为各种低维度g-C₃N₄是改善上述缺陷的有效策略之一。基于以上改性策略，本文系统介绍了近年来具有零维、一维、二维和三维纳米结构的低维度g-C₃N₄的主要合成方法，分析了不同维度对g-C₃N₄的能带结构、光生电子和空穴的产生和转移效率、光吸收能力和光催化性能的影响，总结了不同维度材料在能源和环境催化等领域的具体应用，同时指出目前研究工作普遍存在反应机理不够深入、缺乏大规模合成和工业应用等问题，展望了未来在加强理论深度研究的同时，需要进一步拓展g-C₃N₄在废水、废气的工业化治理和碳转化等领域的关键技术开发，以期为后续的研究工作提供方向和指引。

关键词: 石墨相氮化碳, 光催化, 低维度, 合成