Synergistic drag reduction effect of cationic surfactant and polymer compound system

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-1269

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to explore the synergistic drag reduction effect of composite system of cationic surfactant and polymer, the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) and polymer polyacrylamide (PAM) were as the research objects. The multi-functional turbulent drag reduction experimental apparatus was designed and built, which was applied to study the effect of polymer ion type on the synergistic drag reduction of the compound system, optimize the compound system and analyze the effect of surfactant concentration/polymer concentration on the synergistic drag reduction of the compound system. The experimental results showed that synergistic drag reduction effect of different ion types PAM and CATC/NaSal compound system was presented as CPAM>AmPAM>NPAM>APAM and the CPAM-CTAC/NaSal was the optimal compound system. When the CTAC/NaSal concentration was 0.3g/L of PSP, the synergistic drag reduction effect of the CPAM-CTAC/NaSal compound system was the strongest, the DR and shear resistance reached its peak, and the average drag reduction rate was as high as 69.22%. When CTAC/NaSal increased to 0.5g/L, the average drag reduction rate quickly decreased to 10.08%, the critical generalized Reynolds number of the compound system also quickly dropped to 7535.20, and the shear resistance was weakened. As the CPAM concentration increased from 0.05g/L to 0.2g/L, the drag reduction rate in the drag reduction damage zone can increase from 9.08% to 57.49% with increasing critical generalized Reynolds number from 31272.43 to 45033.36, and the shear resistance was enhanced. When the CPAM concentration exceeded the second critical association concentration (CAC Ⅱ) 0.15g/L, the increasing trend of the drag reduction rate in the damage zone of drag reduction and shear resistance slowed down. In addition, compared with a single drag reducer, the temperature resistance of the compound system was significantly enhanced and the maximum drag reduction efficiency at 55℃ was increased to 69.05%.

Key words: surfactant, polymer, turbulent flow, ionic types, synergistic drag reduction

摘要：

为探究阳离子型表面活性剂和聚合物复配体系的协同减阻作用，以阳离子型表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基氯化铵（CTAC）和聚合物聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）为研究对象，设计搭建多功能湍流减阻实验测试装置，实验分析聚合物离子类型对复配体系协同减阻的影响，优选复配体系，进一步研究复配体系协同减阻作用随表面活性剂浓度、聚合物浓度、温度的变化规律。实验结果表明：CPAM-CTAC/NaSal复配体系协同减阻作用>AmPAM-CTAC/NaSal复配体系协同减阻作用>NPAM-CTAC/NaSal复配体系协同减阻作用>APAM-CTAC/NaSal复配体系协同减阻作用。CPAM-CTAC/NaSal复配体系的协同减阻作用在CTAC/NaSal浓度达到聚合物饱和浓度（PSP）0.3g/L时到达顶峰，平均减阻效率高达69.22%；当CTAC/NaSal浓度增加至0.5g/L后，平均减阻率迅速减小至10.08%，复配体系的临界广义雷诺数亦迅速降至7535.20，抗剪切性减弱。随着CPAM浓度由0.05g/L增加到0.2g/L，减阻破坏区减阻率可由9.08%增加至57.49%，临界广义雷诺数由31272.43增加到45033.36，抗剪切性增强；当CPAM浓度超过第二临界缔合浓度（CAC Ⅱ）0.15g/L后，减阻破坏区减阻率增加趋势及抗剪切性增强趋势均变缓。此外，相较于单一减阻剂，复配体系耐温性显著增强，55℃时最大减阻率增至69.05%。

关键词: 表面活性剂, 聚合物, 湍流, 离子类型, 协同减阻

CLC Number:

TE08

YUAN Ying, JING Jiaqiang, YIN Ran, ZHANG Ming, HAN Li, LAI Tianhua. Synergistic drag reduction effect of cationic surfactant and polymer compound system[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(5): 2593-2603.

袁颖, 敬加强, 尹然, 张明, 韩力, 赖天华. 阳离子型表面活性剂与聚合物复配体系协同减阻作用[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(5): 2593-2603.

Figures/Tables 11

References 37

1	BEWERSDORFF H W, OHLENDORF D. The behaviour of drag-reducing cationic surfactant solutions[J]. Colloid and Polymer Science, 1988, 266(10): 941-953.
2	OHLENDORF D, INTERTHAL W, HOFFMANN H. Surfactant systems for drag reduction: physico-chemical properties and rheological behaviour[J]. Rheologica Acta, 1986, 25(5): 468-486.
3	ABUBAKAR A, AL-WAHAIBI T, AL-WAHAIBI Y, et al. Roles of drag reducing polymers in single-and multi-phase flows[J]. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2014, 92(11): 2153-2181.
4	HADRI F, BESQ A, GUILLOU S, et al. Temperature and concentration influence on drag reduction of very low concentrated CTAC/NaSal aqueous solution in turbulent pipe flow[J]. Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, 2011, 166(5/6): 326-331.
5	WEI J J, WANG J F, ZHANG C W, et al. Combined effects of temperature and Reynolds number on drag-reducing characteristics of a cationic surfactant solution[J]. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2012, 90(5): 1304-1310.
6	魏进家, 黄崇海, 徐娜. 表面活性剂湍流减阻研究进展[J]. 化工进展，2016, 35(6): 1660-1675.
	WEI Jinjia, HUANG Chonghai, XU Na. Research progress concerning turbulent drag reduction of surfactant solution[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2016, 35(6): 1660-1675.
7	MOHSENIPOUR A A, PAL R. The role of surfactants in mechanical degradation of drag-reducing polymers[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2013, 52(3): 1291-1302.
8	LIU D J, LIU F, ZHOU W J, et al. Molecular dynamics simulation of self-assembly and viscosity behavior of PAM and CTAC in salt-added solutions[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2018, 268: 131-139.
9	MOHSENIPOUR A A, PAL R. Drag reduction in turbulent pipeline flow of mixed nonionic polymer and cationic surfactant systems[J]. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2013, 91(1): 190-201.
10	SAVINS J G. A stress-controlled drag-reduction phenomenon[J]. Rheologica Acta, 1967, 6(4): 323-330.
11	TSUJII K, SAITO N, TAKEUCHI T. Viscoelastic and some colloid chemical properties of partially neutralized alkenylsuccinates in dilute aqueous solutions[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 1984, 99(2): 553-560.
12	HOMENDRA N, DEVI C I. Turbidity studies on mixed surfactant systems in hard water: a new method for estimation of water hardness[J]. Indian Journal of Chemical Technology, 2004, 11(6): 783-786.
13	HU P C, TUVELL M E. Effect of water hardness ions on the solution properties of an anionic surfactant[J]. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, 1988, 65(8): 1340-1345.
14	BANERJEE T, SAMANTA A, MANDAL A. Mathematical regression models for rheological behavior of interaction between polymer-surfactant binary mixtures and electrolytes[J]. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2020: 1-13.
15	HAMOUMA M, DELBOS A, DALMAZZONE C, et al. Polymer surfactant interactions in oil enhanced recovery processes[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2021, 35(11): 9312-9321.
16	TERADA E, SAMOSHINA Y, T NYLANDER et al. Adsorption of cationic cellulose derivatives/anionic surfactant complexes onto solid surfaces. Ⅰ. Silica surfaces[J]. Langmuir, 2004, 20(5): 1753-1762.
17	CHAKRABORTY T, CHAKRABORTY I, GHOSH S. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose-CTAB interaction: a detailed thermodynamic study of polymer-surfactant interaction with opposite charges[J]. Langmuir, 2006, 22(24): 9905-9913.
18	CHAI Y L, LI X W, GENG J F, et al. Mechanistic study of drag reduction in turbulent pipeline flow over anionic polymer and surfactant mixtures[J]. Colloid and Polymer Science, 2019, 297(7/8): 1025-1035.
19	王晨, 陈新远, 朱湛, 等. 阳离子碳氢/碳氟表面活性剂与中性高聚物相互作用的研究[J]. 化学学报, 2009, 67(13): 1425-1429.
	WANG Chen， CHEN Xinyuan， ZHU Zhan，et al. Interactions between cationic hydrogenated/fluorinated surfactants and neutral polymers[J]. Acta Chimica Sinica, 2009, 67(13): 1425-1429.
20	MALCHER T, GZYL-MALCHER B. Influence of polymer-surfactant aggregates on fluid flow[J]. Bioelectrochemistry, 2012, 87: 42-49.
21	王青会, 刘冬洁, 魏进家. 阳离子型表面活性剂与非离子型聚合物相互作用减阻研究[J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2018, 52(1): 26-32.
	WANG Qinghui, LIU Dongjie, WEI Jinjia. Investigation on the drag reduction by interaction of cationic surfactant with nonionic polymer[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2018, 52(1): 26-32.
22	JING J Q, YUAN Y, YIN R, et al. Effects of oilfield injection water component on rheological characteristics of CTAC/NaSal aqueous solution[J]. Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2021, 16(2): e2612.
23	朱蒙生. 管流添加剂减阻的实验与机理研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2009.
	ZHU Mengsheng. Experiment and mechanism study on drag–reduction by additives in pipe flow[D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2009.
24	ZAKIN J L, LU B, BEWERSDORFF H W. Surfactant drag reduction[J]. Reviews in Chemical Engineering, 1998, 14(4/5): 253.
25	邹春昱. 新型胶束体系流变和减阻性能研究[D]. 上海: 华东理工大学, 2012.
	ZOU Chunyu. Study on the rheological properties and drag reduction of new micelle systems[D]. Shanghai: East China University of Science and Technology, 2012.
26	AGUILAR G, GASLJEVIC K, MATTHYS E F. Asymptotes of maximum friction and heat transfer reductions for drag-reducing surfactant solutions[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2001, 44(15): 2835-2843.
27	TAYLOR D J F, THOMAS R K, PENFOLD J. Polymer/surfactant interactions at the air/water interface[J]. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 2007, 132(2): 69-110.
28	PETKOVA R, TCHOLAKOVA S, DENKOV N D. Foaming and foam stability for mixed polymer-surfactant solutions: effects of surfactant type and polymer charge[J]. Langmuir, 2012, 28(11): 4996-5009.
29	WANG C, TAM K C. New insights on the interaction mechanism within oppositely charged polymer/surfactant systems[J]. Langmuir, 2002, 18(17): 6484-6490.
30	XU Y, FENG J, SHANG Y Z, et al. Molecular dynamics simulation for the effect of chain length of spacer and tail of cationic Gemini surfactant on the complex with anionic polyelectrolyte[J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2007, 15(4): 560-565.
31	李海普, 陆文霞, 秦春阳, 等. 高分子与表面活性剂在水相中的相互作用[J]. 高分子通报, 2013(3):18-24.
	LI Haipu, LU Wenxia, QIN Chunyang, et al. Interactions of polymer with surfactant in aqueous phase[J]. Polymer Bulletin, 2013(3): 18-24.
32	NAGARAJAN R. Thermodynamics of nonionic polymer—micelle association[J]. Colloids and Surfaces, 1985, 13: 1-17.
33	敬加强, 孙娜娜, 安云朋, 等. 两性表面活性剂与阴离子聚丙烯酰胺复配体系的抗盐性[J]. 高分子学报, 2015（1）: 88-96.
	JING Jiaqiang, SUN Nana, AN Yunpeng, et al. Salt resistance of compound systems for amphoteric surfactant and HPAM[J]. Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2015（1）: 88-96.
34	FEITOSA E, BROWN W, WANG K, et al. Interaction between poly(ethylene glycol) and C12E8 investigated by dynamic light scattering, time-resolved fluorescence quenching, and calorimetry[J]. Macromolecules, 2002, 35(1): 201-207.
35	GODDARD E D. Polymer—surfactant interaction Part Ⅰ. uncharged water-soluble polymers and charged surfactants[J]. Colloids and Surfaces, 1986, 19(2/3): 255-300.
36	BIERBRAUER K L, ALASINO R V, STRUMIA M C, et al. Cationic cellulose and its interaction with chondroitin sulfate. Rheological properties of the polyelectrolyte complex[J]. European Polymer Journal, 2014, 50: 142-149.
37	曹宝格, 陈明强, 罗平亚, 等. 疏水缔合聚合物溶液的临界缔合浓度[J]. 西安石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 23(4): 40-42, 48.
	CAO Baoge, CHEN Mingqiang, LUO Pingya, et al. Study on the critical associating concentration of hydrophobic associating polymer solution[J]. Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University (Natural Science Edition), 2008, 23(4): 40-42, 48.

试剂	代号	分子式	分子量	离子类型	离子度	纯度	来源
十六烷基三甲基氯化铵	CTAC	C₁₉H₄₂ClN	319.99	阳离子	—	≥90.0%	成都科隆化工试剂厂
十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵	DDBAC	C₂₁H₃₈NCl	340.00	阳离子	—	≥90.0%	山东优索化工
水杨酸钠	NaSal	C₇H₅O₃Na	160.10	—	—	99.5%	成都科隆化工试剂厂
阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺	CPAM	(C₃H₅NO) _n	—	阳离子	30	≥90.0%	科洁环保
阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺	APAM		6×10⁶	阴离子	—	≥90.0%
两性离子型聚丙烯酰胺	AmPAM		—	两性离子	—	≥90.0%
非离子型聚丙烯酰胺	NPAM		—	非离子	—	≥90.0%

试剂	代号	分子式	分子量	离子类型	离子度	纯度	来源
十六烷基三甲基氯化铵	CTAC	C₁₉H₄₂ClN	319.99	阳离子	—	≥90.0%	成都科隆化工试剂厂
十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵	DDBAC	C₂₁H₃₈NCl	340.00	阳离子	—	≥90.0%	山东优索化工
水杨酸钠	NaSal	C₇H₅O₃Na	160.10	—	—	99.5%	成都科隆化工试剂厂
阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺	CPAM	(C₃H₅NO) _n	—	阳离子	30	≥90.0%	科洁环保
阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺	APAM		6×10⁶	阴离子	—	≥90.0%
两性离子型聚丙烯酰胺	AmPAM		—	两性离子	—	≥90.0%
非离子型聚丙烯酰胺	NPAM		—	非离子	—	≥90.0%

Re′	DR/%						Δ/%
Re′	溶液1	溶液2	溶液3	溶液4	溶液5	溶液6	Δ_溶液2	Δ_溶液3	Δ_溶液4	Δ_溶液5	Δ_溶液6
16334.00	42.52	51.29	53.84	65.97	64.60	12.40	20.65	26.63	55.17	51.95	-70.84
24951.14	44.16	63.93	61.39	70.17	69.01	10.06	44.78	39.03	58.92	56.27	-77.23
31642.92	44.60	60.90	66.82	71.52	71.03	7.80	36.56	49.84	60.38	59.28	-82.53
平均值	43.75	58.71	60.68	69.22	68.21	10.08	34.00	38.50	58.16	55.83	-76.87

Re′	DR/%						Δ/%
Re′	溶液1	溶液2	溶液3	溶液4	溶液5	溶液6	Δ_溶液2	Δ_溶液3	Δ_溶液4	Δ_溶液5	Δ_溶液6
16334.00	42.52	51.29	53.84	65.97	64.60	12.40	20.65	26.63	55.17	51.95	-70.84
24951.14	44.16	63.93	61.39	70.17	69.01	10.06	44.78	39.03	58.92	56.27	-77.23
31642.92	44.60	60.90	66.82	71.52	71.03	7.80	36.56	49.84	60.38	59.28	-82.53
平均值	43.75	58.71	60.68	69.22	68.21	10.08	34.00	38.50	58.16	55.83	-76.87

[1]	ZHAO Jingchao, TAN Ming. Effect of surfactants on the reduction of industrial saline wastewater by electrodialysis [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 529-535.
[2]	XIAO Hui, ZHANG Xianjun, LAN Zhike, WANG Suhao, WANG Sheng. Advances in flow and heat transfer research of liquid metal flowing across tube bundles [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 10-20.
[3]	WANG Jinhang, HE Yong, SHI Lingli, LONG Zhen, LIANG Deqing. Progress of gas hydrate anti-agglomerants [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 4587-4602.
[4]	LIN Xiaopeng, XIAO Youhua, GUAN Yichen, LU Xiaodong, ZONG Wenjie, FU Shenyuan. Recent progress of flexible electrodes for ion polymer-metal composites (IPMC) [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 4770-4782.
[5]	QIAN Sitian, PENG Wenjun, ZHANG Xianming. Comparative analysis of forming cyclic oligomers via PET melt polycondensation and cyclodepolymerization [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 4808-4816.
[6]	ZHU Chuanqiang, RU Jinbo, SUN Tingting, XIE Xingwang, LI Changming, GAO Shiqiu. Characteristics of selective non-catalytic reduction of NO _x with solid polymer denitration agent [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 4939-4946.
[7]	LI Bogeng, LUO Yingwu, LIU Pingwei. Consideration on research content and method of polymer product engineering [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(8): 3905-3909.
[8]	WANG Baoying, WANG Huangying, YAN Junying, WANG Yaoming, XU Tongwen. Research progress of polymer inclusion membrane in metal separation and recovery [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(8): 3990-4004.
[9]	CHEN Junjun, FEI Chang’en, DUAN Jintang, GU Xueping, FENG Lianfang, ZHANG Cailiang. Research progress on chemical modification of polyether ether ketone for the high bioactivity [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(8): 4015-4028.
[10]	YU Jingwen, SONG Luna, LIU Yanchao, LYU Ruidong, WU Mengmeng, FENG Yu, LI Zhong, MI Jie. An indole-bearing hypercrosslinked polymer In-HCP for iodine adsorption from water [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(7): 3674-3683.
[11]	YU Xixi, ZHANG Jinshuai, LEI Wen, LIU Chengguo. Research progress of self-healing photocuring polymeric materials based on dynamic covalent bonds [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(7): 3589-3599.
[12]	SUN Zhengnan, LI Hongjing, JING Guolin, ZHANG Funing, YAN Biao, LIU Xiaoyan. Application of EVA and its modified polymer in crude oil pour point depressant field [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(6): 2987-2998.
[13]	YU Dingyi, LI Yuanyuan, WANG Chenyu, JI Yongsheng. Preparation of lignin-based pH responsive hydrogel and its application in controlled drug release [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(6): 3138-3146.
[14]	YANG Farong, GU Lili, LIU Yang, LI Weixue, CAI Jieyun, WANG Huiping. Preparation and application of molecularly imprinted polymers of terbutylazine assisted by computer simulation [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(6): 3157-3166.
[15]	YANG Jiatian, TANG Jinming, LIANG Zirong, LI Yinhong, HU Huayu, CHEN Yuan. Preparation and application of novel starch-based super absorbent polymer dust suppressant [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(6): 3187-3196.