Abstract: Ionic liquids are described as “green solvents” since there is a large degree of cation/anion combinations which make them with the possibility of tuning their properties,as well as their very low volatility. Ionic liquids have been widely used in catalysis,separation and electrochemistry. Thereinto,ionic liquids have been regarded as an efficient extractant for extraction organic compounds. In this work,the ionic liquids used in the separate of hydrocarbon compounds,organic acids,alcohols,phenols and nature compounds by extraction were summarized and reviewed. The mechanism of the ionic liquids extraction process and the effect of extraction conditions were discussed in detail. It was concluded that the strong hydrogen bond,π-π,van der Waals and electrostatic interactions between ionic liquids and solute molecule make ionic liquids be potential solvents to replace some conventional organic solvents for the extractive separation of organic compounds. Meanwhile,the high viscosity and high costs as well as the recovery of the ionic liquids after extraction process could limit the industrial utilization of ionic liquids,and thus it is still an urgent task.

Key words: ionic liquids, extraction, hydrocarbons, organic acids, alcohol, phenolic compounds, nature compounds

摘要： 离子液体是一种结构可调的绿色溶剂,在催化、分离和电化学等领域具有广泛应用,特别是在有机物萃取分离方面,由于其低挥发性及功能可调,避免了传统有机溶剂可能导致的VOCs二次污染,有望成为绿色高效的新型萃取剂。本文系统地综述了离子液体在萃取分离烃类化合物、有机酸、醇类、酚类以及天然产物中的应用研究进展,详细论述了离子液体萃取分离有机物的萃取机理和影响因素,离子液体与溶质分子之间强的氢键、π-π、范德华力以及静电作用使其具有良好的萃取分离能力,表明离子液体是一类可替代有机溶剂实现高效萃取分离有机化合物的潜在溶剂。针对实际工作应用,还需解决其高黏度、高成本等问题,此外萃取后离子液体的回收仍是其大规模应用而需要亟待解决的难题。

关键词: 离子液体, 萃取, 碳氢化合物, 有机酸, 醇, 酚类化合物, 天然化合物