Abstract: Oil shale is an unconventional energy and has enormous reserves in the world. As a petroleum alternative,oil shale has a broad prospect. Oil shale is defined as a sedimentary rock containing organic matter (kerogen). When heating oil shale to a temperature around 500℃ in the absence of air,shale oil is obtained by pyrolysis of kerogen,and then it can be used as fuel oil after processing. Oil shale can also be used for generating steam and electricity by direct combustion. Electricity is generated by oil shale combustion in Estonia,China and Germany. The reserves and processing and utilization of oil shale in the world are introduced. Currently there are mainly three countries producing shale oil in the world. These countries and shale oil productions are as follows,China (800000t),Estonia (500000t),Brazil (180000t),while only a few production in other countries. Shale oil production in China is the largest in the world,and currently there are some 10 oil shale retorting plants in operation in China. Fushun Mining Group Company in Liaoning province produced about 350000t shale oil in 2013,its imported ATP unit with a capacity of 6000t/d for particulate oil shale has been commissioned and is extending continuous running time gradually. Progress has also been made in other place for oil shale retorting,such as Longkou,Shandong. There is no shale oil industrialized production in the USA,but long-term research and development of aboveground and in-situ retorting technologies for oil shale have been made in a number of universities,companies and research institutes. Three main types of oil shale retort:Lump shale gas heat carrier retort,particulate shale solid heat carrier retort and pulverized shale fluidized bed oil shale retort are presented. Meanwhile,the advantages and disadvantages of shale oil retorts in different countries are discussed.

Key words: oil shale, shale oil, resources, mine, retort, combustion, generate electricity

摘要： 油页岩是一种非常规能源,世界储量巨大,作为石油的补充能源,开发前景广阔.油页岩在隔绝空气条件下加热至500℃左右,会热解生成页岩油,经加工处理后可以制得汽油、柴油等油品.油页岩也可直接燃烧,产生蒸气、发电,目前利用油页岩燃烧发电的国家有爱沙尼亚、中国、德国等.本文介绍了世界主要油页岩国家的油页岩储量和加工利用情况,目前世界上利用油页岩干馏制取页岩油的国家主要有3个,中国(产量80万吨)、爱沙尼亚(产量50万吨)和巴西(18万吨),其他国家略有生产.中国页岩油产量一直居世界首位,目前有将近10座油页岩干馏厂投入运行,其中抚顺矿业集团年产页岩油35万吨,全国居首,该公司引进的日处理颗粒油页岩量6000t的ATP干馏工艺,目前已经在调试中阶段性运转,并逐渐延长连续运转时间,山东龙口等其他地方的油页岩加工利用也取得很大进展.美国目前没有进行油页岩干馏炼制页岩油的工业化生产,但有多所大学、公司和研究所已经对油页岩进行了长期的地上和地下干馏工艺的研究和开发.文中还介绍了国内外油页岩干馏的3种主要炉型,分别为块状页岩气体热载体干馏炉、颗粒页岩固体热载体干馏炉和粉末页岩流化干馏炉,并对比了不同国家的干馏炉型的优缺点.

关键词: 油页岩, 页岩油, 资源量, 开采, 干馏, 燃烧, 发电