Abstract: The release of gaseous products in oil shale pyrolysis by microwave heating was investigated in a microwave heating test device. The effects on release of gaseous products in oil shale pyrolysis by microwave heating with different microwave powers from 30 percent to 80 percent of 1600W, heating temperature from 773K to 1173K, different pyrolysis temperature stages and different catalysts were studied. Microwave heating enhanced the release of H₂, CO and C₂H₄. The release amount of hydrocarbons had a maximum at 50 percent microwave power of 1600W. A large amount of pyrolysis gas released at low temperature from 423K to 623K came from release of adsorbed gas and breakage of unstable branches and groupes. With increasing temperature, more gas was released from dehydrogenation, aromatization, condensation and free radical reaction of organic matter. Catalysts promoted gas release. However, different catalysts had different effects on pyrolysis gas composition. adsorption of molecular sieve (5A and 13X) promoted secondary decomposition and polymerization of organic matter. Clay catalysts (bentonite and activated clay) enhanced catalytic hydrogenation of organic matter under proton acid, sped up breakage of organic chains and improved groups stability.Metal catalysts (MoS₂, FeS and Ni₂O₃) firstly increased heating rate and enhanced pyrolysis, secondly, promoted generation and transfer of hydrogen free radicals.

Key words: oil shale, pyrolysis, microwave heating, gaseous product, release

摘要： 利用微波化学试验装置研究了油页岩微波热解过程中挥发分析出特性, 考察了微波功率、热解温度、不同热解温度阶段和催化剂对气体组成的影响。结果表明:微波加热能够提高油页岩热解气中H₂、CO和C₂H₄的析出, 降低CO₂的析出;50%(1600W)微波功率时烃类的析出量最大;在150~350℃的低温阶段热解气的析出量大, 主要由吸附气体的释放, 不稳定支链和基团的分解产生;温度升高, 气态产物的析出主要由脱氢、芳构化、缩聚和自由基反应产生。催化剂促进了气体的析出, 但不同类型催化剂对油页岩热解气组成的影响不同, 分子筛的吸附作用促进二次分解和缩聚反应;黏土类催化剂在质子酸作用下促进有机质催化裂解加氢反应, 加快断链和基团的稳定;金属类催化剂是强吸波性介质, 能够提高升温速率, 促进热解反应, 其次促进氢自由基的产生和转移。

关键词: 油页岩, 热解, 微波加热, 气态产物, 析出特性