固态金属锂负极界面研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0952

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

开发下一代高安全性、高能量密度电池是电动汽车、可穿戴便携电子设备与可再生能源高效利用的关键。固态金属锂电池是极有希望的下一代电池体系。本文首先综述了固态电解质与界面特性，包括固态电解质中的离子传输机理和固态电解质分类，指出金属锂电极与固态电解质之间有限的固-固界面接触是固态金属锂电池实用化的重要挑战，其界面演变特性主导了固态电池的性能表现。界面演变是机械-化学-电化学耦合的过程。其次，文章综述了电池界面失效机制与构筑策略，指出界面失效包括枝晶状沉积引发的电池短路与空穴累积、副反应导致的电化学界面脱触等，使用界面润湿剂、引入界面缓冲层或构造三维多孔骨架结构化电极等是解决界面问题的重要手段。最后，文章总结指出，固态金属锂电池仍有巨大的进步空间，先进的理论研究和表征手段为进一步认识和理解固-固界面提供了新的机遇，通过界面化学、材料科学、系统工程等领域的交叉共融，有望共同推动下一代高安全、高能量密度固态储能技术的发展。

关键词: 金属锂负极, 固态电解质, 界面, 固态电池, 离子传输

Abstract:

Developing next-generation batteries with high safety and energy density are crucial for electric vehicles, portable electronics and renewable energy utilization. This paper firstly summarizes the solid-state electrolytes and interfacial properties, including the ion transportation mechanisms and classification of solid-state electrolytes. The limited solid-solid interfacial contacts between Li metal anodes and solid-state electrolytes are major obstacles for the application of solid-state Li metal batteries. The interface evolution properties dominate the performances of solid-state batteries, which are mechanical-chemical-electrochemical coupled processes. Afterwards, this paper reviews the battery interface failure mechanisms and construction strategies, indicating that interface failures include battery short circuits induced by dendritic Li deposition and contact loss caused by voids accumulation and interfacial side reactions. Strategies towards solving the interfacial issues include the use of wetting agents, the introduction of a buffer layer and the construction of porous scaffolds for a structured electrode. The paper concludes that, advanced computation techniques and characteristic methods afford an emerging opportunity to understand the solid-solid interfaces and develop solid-state Li metal batteries with great prospects. The synergism from interface chemistry, materials science and systems engineering will jointly promote the development of next-generation energy storage devices with enhanced safety and energy density.

Key words: Li metal anode, solid-state electrolyte, interface, solid-state battery, ionic transportation

中图分类号:

赵辰孜, 袁洪, 卢洋, 张强. 固态金属锂负极界面研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(9): 4986-4997.

ZHAO Chenzi, YUAN Hong, LU Yang, ZHANG Qiang. Review on interfaces in solid-state lithium metal anodes[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(9): 4986-4997.

图/表 1

参考文献 104

25	MANTHIRAM A, YU X W, WANG S F. Lithium battery chemistries enabled by solid-state electrolytes[J]. Nature Reviews Materials, 2017, 2(4): 1-16.
26	ZHU G L, ZHAO C Z, YUAN H, et al. Interfacial redox behaviors of sulfide electrolytes in fast-charging all-solid-state lithium metal batteries[J]. Energy Storage Materials, 2020, 31: 267-273.
27	赵辰孜. 基于固态电解质层的金属锂负极表面离子分布调控[D]. 北京: 清华大学, 2020.
	ZHAO C Z. Regulating ion distribution in solid-state electrolytes for lithium metal anodes [D].Beijing: Tsinghua University, 2020.
28	DOUX J M, NGUYEN H, TAN D H S, et al. Stack pressure considerations for room-temperature all-solid-state lithium metal batteries[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2020, 10(1): 1903253.
29	HOU L P, YUAN H, ZHAO C Z, et al. Improved interfacial electronic contacts powering high sulfur utilization in all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries[J]. Energy Storage Materials, 2020, 25: 436-442.
30	YUE J P, YAN M, YIN Y X, et al. Progress of the interface design in all-solid-state Li-S batteries[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2018, 28(38): 1707533.
31	LEPLEY N D, HOLZWARTH N A W, DU Y A. Structures, Li+mobilities, and interfacial properties of solid electrolytes Li₃PS₄ and Li₃PO₄ from first principles[J]. Physical Review B, 2013, 88(10): 104103.
32	LIU Z C, FU W J, PAYZANT E A, et al. Anomalous high ionic conductivity of nanoporous β-Li₃PS₄[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2013, 135(3): 975-978.
33	PARK K H, BAI Q, KIM D H, et al. Design strategies, practical considerations, and new solution processes of sulfide solid electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2018, 8(18): 1800035.
34	WANG H, HOOD Z D, XIA Y N, et al. Fabrication of ultrathin solid electrolyte membranes of β-Li₃PS₄nanoflakes by evaporation-induced self-assembly for all-solid-state batteries[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2016, 4(21): 8091-8096.
35	HOOD Z D, WANG H, PANDIAN A S, et al. Fabrication of sub-micrometer-thick solid electrolyte membranes of β-Li₃PS₄via tiled assembly of nanoscale, plate-like building blocks[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2018, 8(21): 1800014.
36	ZHOU L D, PARK K H, SUN X Q, et al. Solvent-engineered design of argyrodite Li₆PS_5X (X=Cl, Br, I) solid electrolytes with high ionic conductivity[J]. ACS Energy Letters, 2019, 4(1): 265-270.
37	SAHU G, LIN Z, LI J C, et al. Air-stable, high-conduction solid electrolytes of arsenic-substituted Li₄SnS₄[J]. Energy Environ. Sci., 2014, 7(3): 1053-1058.
1	KATO Y, HORI S, SAITO T, et al. High-power all-solid-state batteries using sulfide superionic conductors[J]. Nature Energy, 2016, 1: 16030.
2	LIANG Y R, XIAO Y, YAN C, et al. A bifunctional ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer protective layer for dendrites-free lithium metal anodes[J]. Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2020, 48: 203-207.
3	LI W, XU H, YANG Q, et al. Development of strategies for high-energy-density lithium batteries[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(2): 448-478.
4	ZHAO Q, STALIN S, ZHAO C Z, et al. Designing solid-state electrolytes for safe, energy-dense batteries[J]. Nature Reviews Materials, 2020, 5(3): 229-252.
5	KIM H, CHOI W, YOON J, et al. Exploring anomalous charge storage in anode materials for next-generation Li rechargeable batteries[J]. Chemical Reviews, 2020, 120(14): 6934-6976.
6	WANG Y, RICHARDS W D, ONG S P, et al. Design principles for solid-state lithium superionic conductors[J]. Nature Materials, 2015, 14(10): 1026-1031.
7	HE X F, ZHU Y Z, MO Y F. Origin of fast ion diffusion in super-ionic conductors[J]. Nature Communications, 2017, 8(1): 1-7.
8	WEBER D A, SENYSHYN A, WELDERT K S, et al. Structural insights and 3D diffusion pathways within the lithium superionic conductor Li₁₀GeP₂S₁₂[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2016, 28(16): 5905-5915.
9	KWON O, HIRAYAMA M, SUZUKI K, et al. Synthesis, structure, and conduction mechanism of the lithium superionic conductor Li₁₀₊_δGe₁₊_δP_2-_δS₁₂[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2015, 3(1): 438-446.
10	IWASAKI R, HORI S, KANNO R, et al. Weak anisotropic lithium-ion conductivity in single crystals of Li₁₀GeP₂S₁₂[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2019, 31(10): 3694-3699.
11	NITZAN A, RATNER M A. Conduction in polymers: dynamic disorder transport[J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 1994, 98(7): 1765-1775.
12	TERAN A A, TANG M H, MULLIN S A, et al. Effect of molecular weight on conductivity of polymer electrolytes[J]. Solid State Ionics, 2011, 203(1): 18-21.
13	DAWSON J A, CANEPA P, FAMPRIKIS T, et al. Atomic-scale influence of grain boundaries on Li-ion conduction in solid electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2018, 140(1): 362-368.
14	BRUCE P G, WEST A R. The A-C conductivity of polycrystalline LISICON, Li₂₊₂_xZn_1-_xGeO₄, and a model for intergranular constriction resistances[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 1983, 130(3): 662-669.
15	MURUGAN R, THANGADURAI V, WEPPNER W. Fast lithium ion conduction in garnet-type Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2007, 46(41): 7778-7781.
16	YU S, SIEGEL D J. Grain boundary contributions to Li-ion transport in the solid electrolyte Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂(LLZO)[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2017, 29(22): 9639-9647.
17	KOTOBUKI M, KANAMURA K, SATO Y, et al. Electrochemical properties of Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ solid electrolyte prepared in argon atmosphere[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2012, 199: 346-349.
18	CHEN C C, FU L J, MAIER J. Synergistic, ultrafast mass storage and removal in artificial mixed conductors[J]. Nature, 2016, 536(7615): 159-164.
19	CHEN C C, MAIER J. Decoupling electron and ion storage and the path from interfacial storage to artificial electrodes[J]. Nature Energy, 2018, 3(2): 102-108.
20	SWIFT M W, QI Y. First-principles prediction of potentials and space-charge layers in all-solid-state batteries[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2019, 122(16): 167701.
21	NOMURA Y, YAMAMOTO K, HIRAYAMA T, et al. Direct observation of a Li-ionic space-charge layer formed at an electrode/solid-electrolyte interface[J]. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2019, 58(16): 5292-5296.
22	THOKCHOM J S, KUMAR B. The effects of crystallization parameters on the ionic conductivity of a lithium aluminum germanium phosphate glass-ceramic[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2010, 195(9): 2870-2876.
23	HARUYAMA J, SODEYAMA K, HAN L Y, et al. Space-charge layer effect at interface between oxide cathode and sulfide electrolyte in all-solid-state lithium-ion battery[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2014, 26(14): 4248-4255.
24	HU J L, YAO Z G, CHEN K Y, et al. High-conductivity open framework fluorinated electrolyte bonded by solidified ionic liquid wires for solid-state Li metal batteries[J]. Energy Storage Materials, 2020, 28: 37-46.
38	BROEK J VAN DEN, AFYON S, RUPP J L M. Interface-engineered all-solid-state Li-ion batteries based on garnet-type fast Li⁺ conductors[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2016, 6(19): 1600736.
39	JIANG P, SHI Y, LI K, et al. Recent progress on the Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂(LLZO) solid electrolyte[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2020, 9(2): 523-537.
40	CUSSEN E J. Structure and ionic conductivity in lithium garnets[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2010, 20(25): 5167.
41	CUSSEN E J, YIP T W S, O’NEILL G, et al. A comparison of the transport properties of lithium-stuffed garnets and the conventional phases Li₃Ln₃Te₂O₁₂[J]. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 2011, 184(2): 470-475.
42	CHEN R J, QU W J, GUO X, et al. The pursuit of solid-state electrolytes for lithium batteries: from comprehensive insight to emerging horizons[J]. Materials Horizons, 2016, 3(6): 487-516.
43	GEIGER C A, ALEKSEEV E, LAZIC B, et al. Crystal chemistry and stability of “Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂” garnet: a fast lithium-ion conductor[J]. Inorganic Chemistry, 2011, 50(3): 1089-1097.
44	GAO L, LI J X, JU J G, et al. High-performance all-solid-state polymer electrolyte with fast conductivity pathway formed by hierarchical structure polyamide 6 nanofiber for lithium metal battery[J]. Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2021, 54: 644-654.
45	ZHANG B H, LIU Y L, LIU J, et al. “Polymer-in-ceramic” based poly(ε‍-caprolactone)/ceramic composite electrolyte for all-solid-state batteries[J]. Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2021, 52: 318-325.
46	YAN Y Y, JU J W, YU M Y, et al. In-situ polymerization integrating 3D ceramic framework in all solid-state lithium battery[J]. Journal of Inorganic Materials, 2020, 35(12): 1357.
47	TIKEKAR M D, CHOUDHURY S, TU Z Y, et al. Design principles for electrolytes and interfaces for stable lithium-metal batteries[J]. Nature Energy, 2016, 1: 16114.
48	MONROE C, NEWMAN J. The impact of elastic deformation on deposition kinetics at lithium/polymer interfaces[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2005, 152(2): A396.
49	ZHOU W D, WANG S F, LI Y T, et al. Plating a dendrite-free lithium anode with a polymer/ceramic/polymer sandwich electrolyte[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2016, 138(30): 9385-9388.
50	LIU W, LEE S W, LIN D C, et al. Enhancing ionic conductivity in composite polymer electrolytes with well-aligned ceramic nanowires[J]. Nature Energy, 2017, 2: 17035.
51	HALLINAN D T, MULLIN S A, STONE G M, et al. Lithium metal stability in batteries with block copolymer electrolytes[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2013, 160(3): A464-A470.
52	CAPUANO F, CROCE F, SCROSATI B. Composite polymer electrolytes[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 1991, 138(7): 1918-1922.
53	HARRY K J, LIAO X X, PARKINSON D Y, et al. Electrochemical deposition and stripping behavior of lithium metal across a rigid block copolymer electrolyte membrane[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2015, 162(14): A2699-A2706.
54	HARRY K J, HIGA K, SRINIVASAN V, et al. Influence of electrolyte modulus on the local current density at a dendrite tip on a lithium metal electrode[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2016, 163(10): A2216-A2224.
55	YOUNG R J, LOVELL P A. Introduction to polymers[M]. 3rd ed. England: CRC Press, 2011.
56	KHURANA R, SCHAEFER J L, ARCHER L A, et al. Suppression of lithium dendrite growth using cross-linked polyethylene/poly(ethylene oxide) electrolytes: a new approach for practical lithium-metal polymer batteries[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2014, 136(20): 7395-7402.
57	ZENG X X, YIN Y X, LI N W, et al. Reshaping lithium plating/stripping behavior via bifunctional polymer electrolyte for room-temperature solid Li metal batteries[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2016, 138(49): 15825-15828.
58	CHAI J C, LIU Z H, MA J, et al. In situ generation of poly (vinylene carbonate) based solid electrolyte with interfacial stability for LiCoO₂ lithium batteries[J]. Advanced Science, 2017, 4(2): 1600377.
59	LIU J, BAO Z N, CUI Y, et al. Pathways for practical high-energy long-cycling lithium metal batteries[J]. Nature Energy, 2019, 4(3): 180-186.
60	YUAN H, NAN H X, ZHAO C Z, et al. Slurry-coated sulfur/sulfide cathode with Li metal anode for all-solid-state lithium-sulfur pouch cells[J]. Batteries & Supercaps, 2020, 3(7): 596-603.
61	LU Y, ZHAO C Z, YUAN H, et al. Critical current density in solid-state lithium metal batteries: mechanism, influences, and strategies[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2021, 31(18): 2009925.
62	HOU Z, ZHANG J L, WANG W H, et al. Towards high-performance lithium metal anodes via the modification of solid electrolyte interphases[J]. Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2020, 45: 7-17.
63	CHEN L, QIU X M, BAI Z M, et al. Enhancing interfacial stability in solid-state lithium batteries with polymer/garnet solid electrolyte and composite cathode framework[J]. Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2021, 52: 210-217.
64	SHEN X, ZHANG R, SHI P, et al. How does external pressure shape Li dendrites in Li metal batteries? [J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2021, 11(10): 2003416.
65	HAN F D, WESTOVER A S, YUE J, et al. High electronic conductivity as the origin of lithium dendrite formation within solid electrolytes[J]. Nature Energy, 2019, 4(3): 187-196.
66	XU C, AHMAD Z, ARYANFAR A, et al. Enhanced strength and temperature dependence of mechanical properties of Li at small scales and its implications for Li metal anodes[J]. PNAS, 2017, 114(1): 57-61.
67	SWAMY T, PARK R, SHELDON B W, et al. Lithium metal penetration induced by electrodeposition through solid electrolytes: example in single-crystal Li₆La₃ZrTaO₁₂ garnet[J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2018, 165(16): A3648-A3655.
68	PORZ L, SWAMY T, SHELDON B W, et al. Mechanism of lithium metal penetration through inorganic solid electrolytes[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2017, 7(20): 1701003.
69	AGUESSE F, MANALASTAS W, BUANNIC L, et al. Investigating the dendritic growth during full cell cycling of garnet electrolyte in direct contact with Li metal[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2017, 9(4): 3808-3816.
70	SONG Y L, YANG L Y, ZHAO W G, et al. Revealing the short-circuiting mechanism of garnet-based solid-state electrolyte[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2019, 9(21): 1900671.
71	WU B B, WANG S Y, LOCHALA J, et al. The role of the solid electrolyte interphase layer in preventing Li dendrite growth in solid-state batteries[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2018, 11(7): 1803-1810.
72	SHARAFI A, MEYER H M, NANDA J, et al. Characterizing the Li-Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ interface stability and kinetics as a function of temperature and current density[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2016, 302: 135-139.
73	RAJ R, WOLFENSTINE J. Current limit diagrams for dendrite formation in solid-state electrolytes for Li-ion batteries[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2017, 343: 119-126.
74	HAN F D, ZHU Y Z, HE X F, et al. Electrochemical stability of Li₁₀GeP₂S₁₂ and Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ solid electrolytes[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2016, 6(8): 1501590.
75	WENZEL S, LEICHTWEISS T, KRÜGER D, et al. Interphase formation on lithium solid electrolytes—An in situ approach to study interfacial reactions by photoelectron spectroscopy[J]. Solid State Ionics, 2015, 278: 98-105.
76	WENZEL S, RANDAU S, LEICHTWEIß T, et al. Direct observation of the interfacial instability of the fast ionic conductor Li₁₀GeP₂S₁₂ at the lithium metal anode[J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2016, 28(7): 2400-2407.
77	LEWIS J A, CORTES F J Q, BOEBINGER M G, et al. Interphase morphology between a solid-state electrolyte and lithium controls cell failure[J]. ACS Energy Letters, 2019, 4(2): 591-599.
78	LEUNG K, PEARSE A J, TALIN A A, et al. Kinetics-controlled degradation reactions at crystalline LiPON/Li_xCoO₂ and crystalline LiPON/Li-metal interfaces[J]. ChemSusChem, 2018, 11(12): 1956-1969.
79	ZHANG W B, LEICHTWEIß T, CULVER S P, et al. The detrimental effects of carbon additives in Li₁₀GeP₂S₁₂-based solid-state batteries[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2017, 9(41): 35888-35896.
80	HAN F D, GAO T, ZHU Y J, et al. A battery made from a single material[J]. Advanced Materials, 2015, 27(23): 3473-3483.
81	ZHAO C Z. Regulating ion distribution in solid-state electrolytes for lithium metal anodes [D]. Beijng: Tsinghua University, 2020.
82	ZHAO C Z, ZHAO B C, YAN C, et al. Liquid phase therapy to solid electrolyte-electrode interface in solid-state Li metal batteries: a review[J]. Energy Storage Materials, 2020, 24: 75-84.
83	XU B Y, DUAN H N, LIU H Z, et al. Stabilization of garnet/liquid electrolyte interface using superbase additives for hybrid Li batteries[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2017, 9(25): 21077-21082.
84	WANG C H, SUN Q, LIU Y L, et al. Boosting the performance of lithium batteries with solid-liquid hybrid electrolytes: interfacial properties and effects of liquid electrolytes[J]. Nano Energy, 2018, 48: 35-43.
85	SHIN J H, HENDERSON W A, APPETECCHI G B, et al. Recent developments in the ENEA lithium metal battery project[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2005, 50(19): 3859-3865.
86	HUO H Y, ZHAO N, SUN J Y, et al. Composite electrolytes of polyethylene oxides/garnets interfacially wetted by ionic liquid for room-temperature solid-state lithium battery[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2017, 372: 1-7.
87	KIM H W, MANIKANDAN P, LIM Y J, et al. Hybrid solid electrolyte with the combination of Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ ceramic and ionic liquid for high voltage pseudo-solid-state Li-ion batteries[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2016, 4(43): 17025-17032.
88	ZHANG Z Z, ZHANG Q H, SHI J N, et al. A self-forming composite electrolyte for solid-state sodium battery with ultralong cycle life[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2017, 7(4): 1601196.
89	KIM H, DING Y, KOHL P A. LiSICON - ionic liquid electrolyte for lithium ion battery[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2012, 198: 281-286.
90	SUN B, LIU K, LANG J L, et al. Ionic liquid enabling stable interface in solid state lithium sulfur batteries working at room temperature[J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2018, 284: 662-668.
91	LUO W, GONG Y H, ZHU Y Z, et al. Transition from superlithiophobicity to superlithiophilicity of garnet solid-state electrolyte[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2016, 138(37): 12258-12262.
92	HAN X G, GONG Y H, FU K, et al. Negating interfacial impedance in garnet-based solid-state Li metal batteries[J]. Nature Materials, 2017, 16(5): 572-579.
93	WANG C W, GONG Y H, LIU B Y, et al. Conformal, nanoscale ZnO surface modification of garnet-based solid-state electrolyte for lithium metal anodes[J]. Nano Letters, 2017, 17(1): 565-571.
94	LUO W, GONG Y H, ZHU Y Z, et al. Reducing interfacial resistance between garnet-structured solid-state electrolyte and Li-metal anode by a germanium layer[J]. Advanced Materials, 2017, 29(22): 1606042.
95	LIU B Y, GONG Y H, FU K, et al. Garnet solid electrolyte protected Li-metal batteries[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2017, 9(22): 18809-18815.
96	CHINNAM P R, WUNDER S L. Engineered interfaces in hybrid ceramic-polymer electrolytes for use in all-solid-state Li batteries[J]. ACS Energy Letters, 2017, 2(1): 134-138.
97	WANG Q S, WEN Z Y, JIN J, et al. A gel-ceramic multi-layer electrolyte for long-life lithium sulfur batteries[J]. Chemical Communications, 2016, 52(8): 1637-1640.
98	CHENG Q, LI A J, LI N, et al. Stabilizing solid electrolyte-anode interface in Li-metal batteries by boron nitride-based nanocomposite coating[J]. Joule, 2019, 3(6): 1510-1522.
99	JIN Y, LIU K, LANG J L, et al. An intermediate temperature garnet-type solid electrolyte-based molten lithium battery for grid energy storage[J]. Nature Energy, 2018, 3(9): 732-738.
100	FU Z H, CHEN X, ZHAO C Z, et al. Stress regulation on atomic bonding and ionic diffusivity: mechanochemical effects in sulfide solid electrolytes[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2021, DOI: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c00488.
101	SHI P, ZHANG X Q, SHEN X, et al. A review of composite lithium metal anode for practical applications[J]. Advanced Materials Technologies, 2020, 5(1): 1900806.
102	LEE Y G, FUJIKI S, JUNG C, et al. High-energy long-cycling all-solid-state lithium metal batteries enabled by silver-carbon composite anodes[J]. Nature Energy, 2020, 5(4): 299-308.
103	FU K K, GONG Y H, HITZ G T, et al. Three-dimensional bilayer garnet solid electrolyte based high energy density lithium metal-sulfur batteries[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2017, 10(7): 1568-1575.
104	RANDAU S, WEBER D A, KÖTZ O, et al. Benchmarking the performance of all-solid-state lithium batteries[J]. Nature Energy, 2020, 5(3): 259-270.

[1]	王家庆, 宋广伟, 李强, 郭帅成, DAI Qingli. 橡胶混凝土界面改性方法及性能提升路径[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 328-343.
[2]	王太, 苏硕, 李晟瑞, 马小龙, 刘春涛. 交流电场中贴壁气泡的动力学行为[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 133-141.
[3]	李吉焱, 景艳菊, 邢郭宇, 刘美辰, 龙永, 朱照琪. 耐盐型太阳能驱动界面光热材料及蒸发器的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3611-3622.
[4]	李瑞东, 黄辉, 同国虎, 王跃社. 原油精馏塔中铵盐吸湿特性及其腐蚀行为[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(6): 2809-2818.
[5]	符淑瑢, 王丽娜, 王东伟, 刘蕊, 张晓慧, 马占伟. 析氧助催化剂增强光阳极光电催化分解水性能研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(5): 2353-2370.
[6]	赵珍珍, 郑喜, 王雪琪, 王涛, 冯英楠, 任永胜, 赵之平. 聚酰胺复合膜微孔支撑基底的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(4): 1917-1933.
[7]	梁贻景, 马岩, 卢展烽, 秦福生, 万骏杰, 王志远. La_1-_x Sr _x MnO₃钙钛矿涂层的抗结焦性能[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(4): 1769-1778.
[8]	章建忠, 许升, 樊家澍, 费振宇, 王堃, 黄建, 崔峰波, 冉文华. 玻璃纤维浸润剂的分析与表征技术进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(2): 821-838.
[9]	毛停停, 李双福, 黄李茗铭, 周川玲, 韩凯. 面向水处理与有机溶剂回收的太阳能界面蒸发系统与材料[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(1): 178-193.
[10]	宋超, 叶学民, 李春曦. 纳米颗粒与表面活性剂的自组装行为对硅油-水界面性质影响的分子动力学[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(S1): 366-375.
[11]	陈沛嘉, 葛鑫, 梁伟杰, 尹爽, 张志聪, 吕健儿, 刘卫东, 陈友鹏, 葛建芳. 聚合物基热界面材料与导热性能研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(S1): 269-281.
[12]	张哲, 郎元路, 吴巧燕, 陈佳楠, 计宏伟, 李星泊, 马妍, 陶柳倩, 谯春艳, 王瑾悦. 冻结液滴融化过程中的表面及界面演化特性分析[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(S1): 1-14.
[13]	张猛, 李树谦, 张东, 马坤茹. 微细通道内蒸汽直接接触间歇凝结汽液相界面运动特性[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(9): 4644-4652.
[14]	蔡楚玥, 方晓明, 凌子夜, 张正国. 相变热界面材料导热增强及定形改善的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(9): 4907-4917.
[15]	张赛晖, 李校阳, 高慧, 王丽丽. 制备聚酰胺复合膜中界面聚合反应添加剂研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(9): 4884-4894.