三元混合纳米流体稳定性及热性能

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-1858

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用两步法制备体积分数为0.005%～1%的Al₂O₃-TiO₂-Cu/水三元混合纳米流体，粒子体积比为40∶40∶20。为了提高其稳定性，添加少量的PVP（0.005%）表面活性剂，并用XRD、TEM、紫外分光光度计和沉淀观察法共同表征纳米流体的稳定特性。测量温度为20～60℃的黏度和热导率，并与相对应的单一纳米流体作对比。试验结果表明，三元混合纳米流体由于各种粒子的粒径和表面能不同，小粒径的Al₂O₃颗粒填充在大粒径TiO₂和Cu颗粒形成的间隙里，可形成致密的固液界面层。三元混合纳米流体由于粒子的特殊排布，使其热导率明显高于相同体积分数下对应的单一纳米流体，黏度却无明显增大。当体积分数和温度分别为1%和60℃时，与Al₂O₃/水纳米流体对比，其热导率增大了5.5%，黏度下降了2.6%。热导率随温度和浓度的升高而升高；而黏度随浓度的升高而升高，随温度的升高而下降，这与单一纳米流体的性质一致。最后，基于试验数据，对热导率和黏度分别进行与温度的拟合，R²分别为0.9835和0.9820，能较精确地预测Al₂O₃-TiO₂-Cu/水三元混合纳米流体的热导率和黏度。

关键词: 三元混合纳米流体, 稳定性, 热导率, 流变行为, 关联式

Abstract:

A two-step method was used to prepare Al₂O₃-TiO₂-Cu/water of ternary hybrid nanofluids at volume fraction from 0.005% to 1.0%, and the mixture ratio of nanoparticles was fixed at 40∶40∶20. In order to improve stability, a small amount of PVP surfactant was added. Moreover, the stability of nanofluids was characterized by XRD, TEM, UV-vis and sedimentation methods. The viscosity and thermal conductivity were measured at the temperature varying from 20℃ to 60℃, and the results were compared with the corresponding single nanofluids. Experimental results showed that due to the differences between nanoparticle size and surface energy, the space between large size of TiO₂ and Cu nanoparticles was filled with small size of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles. This special arrangement can form a dense solid-liquid interface layer, which makes higher thermal conductivity and relatively low viscosity compared to the corresponding single nanofluids. Compared with Al₂O₃/water nanofluids, the thermal conductivity increased by 5.5% while viscosity decreased by 2.6% at volume fraction of 1% and temperature of 60℃. Then, the thermal conductivity increased with enhancing volume fraction and temperature, while the viscosity decreased with an increase in the temperature and increased with increasing volume fraction. A good agreement was achieved with the properties of single nanofluids. Finally, correlations of the thermal conductivity and viscosity were fit by experimental data. The values of R² were 0.9835 and 0.982, respectively, which shows a good agreement with predicted data.

Key words: ternary hybrid nanofluids, stability, thermal conductivity, rheological behavior, correlation

中图分类号:

TK124

马明琰, 翟玉玲, 轩梓灏, 周树光, 李志祥. 三元混合纳米流体稳定性及热性能[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(8): 4179-4186.

MA Mingyan, ZHAI Yuling, XUAN Zihao, ZHOU Shuguang, LI Zhixiang. Stability and thermal performance of ternary hybrid nanofluids[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(8): 4179-4186.

图/表 11

表1 室温下纳米颗粒和基液的热物性参数

材料	密度 /kg·m^-3	比热容 /J·kg^-1·K^-1	热导率 /W·m^-1·K^-1
Al₂O₃纳米颗粒	3890	880	35
TiO₂纳米颗粒	4170	711	6.5
Cu纳米颗粒	5614	420	397
去离子水	998.2	4183	0.599

图1 纳米流体制备及参数测量

图2 Al2O3-TiO2-Cu/水三元混合纳米流体XRD表征

图3 体积分数为0.1%纳米流体的TEM图

图4 三元混合纳米流体吸光度随时间的变化

图5 单一纳米流体和三元混合纳米流体的稳定性随时间的变化

图6 指数n随浓度的变化

图7 黏度随体积分数和温度的变化

图8 热导率随体积分数和温度的变化

图9 有效热导率随体积分数和温度的变化

图10 热导率与黏度的拟合公式误差

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