α-Fe2O3与活性炭协同处理尿液废水的过程优化与吸附特性

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0950

化工进展 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 2347-2356.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0950

α-Fe₂O₃与活性炭协同处理尿液废水的过程优化与吸附特性

焦赟仪¹^,²^,³(), 周书葵³, 张良长⁴, 艾为党⁴, 康赛¹^,², 李晨璐¹^,², 郑利兵¹^,²(), 魏源送¹^,²

^1.中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室，北京 100085
^2.中国科学院生态环境研究中心水污染控制实验室，北京 100085
^3.南华大学土木工程学院，湖南衡阳 421001
^4.中国航天员训练中心人因工程重点实验室，北京 100094

收稿日期:2020-05-29 出版日期:2021-04-05 发布日期:2021-04-14
通讯作者: 郑利兵
作者简介:焦赟仪（1995—），女，硕士，研究方向为水污染控制与资源化。E-mail：hncsjyy163@163.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金青年基金(51908539);人因工程国家重点实验室2019预研基金(6142222190715)

Optimization and adsorption characteristics of the α-Fe₂O₃and activated carbon synergistic adsorption in the treatment of urine wastewater

JIAO Yunyi¹^,²^,³(), ZHOU Shukui³, ZHANG Liangchang⁴, AI Weidang⁴, KANG Sai¹^,², LI Chenlu¹^,², ZHENG Libing¹^,²(), WEI Yuansong¹^,²

^1.State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
^2.Department of Water Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
^3.School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, China
^4.National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing 100094, China

Received:2020-05-29 Online:2021-04-05 Published:2021-04-14
Contact: ZHENG Libing

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究α-Fe₂O₃与活性炭协同吸附对尿液的处理效果，本文考察了铁炭比、投加量及尿液酸预处理的影响，并重点分析了协同吸附特性。研究发现，铁炭比为0.6时，尿液中总有机碳（TOC）、PO $4 3 -$ -P、总磷（TP）的去除率分别为39.51%、71.03%和76.79%，TOC的去除主要依靠活性炭的吸附作用，而PO $4 3 -$ -P主要依靠α-Fe₂O₃的作用，尿液酸预处理可显著强化PO $4 3 -$ -P的吸附。TOC和PO $4 3 -$ -P的吸附过程均符合Redlich-Peterson吸附等温线模型，为单层吸附和多层吸附共同作用。动力学研究发现，TOC和PO $4 3 -$ -P的吸附均可在24h内达到吸附平衡，PO $4 3 -$ -P的动力学吸附过程更符合Elovich模型，即不均匀界面上的多层吸附，而TOC的动力学过程主要受扩散速率控制。同时，协同吸附对发光溶解性有机物（CDOM）的去除率可达72.16%，对腐殖酸类的吸附效果最佳，酸预处理主要减少酪氨酸类、色氨酸类和可溶性微生物代谢产物的吸附。P的去除主要依靠其与α-Fe₂O₃和尿液中无机盐的共沉淀作用，并以无机盐沉积的形式附着于活性炭孔道内。

关键词: 活性炭, α-Fe₂O₃, 尿液, 吸附, 动力学

Abstract:

The effects of iron/carbon ratio, absorbent dosage, and acid pretreatment of urine on the synergistic adsorption of α-Fe₂O₃and activated carbon (AC) were investigated. Its removal efficiency on urine treatment and characteristics were analyzed and discussed. The results showed that the removal rates of total organic carbon (TOC), PO $4 3 -$ -P and TP were 39.51%, 71.03% and 76.79%, respectively, when the iron/carbon ratio was 0.6. The removal of TOC mainly depended on the adsorption of AC, while the removal of PO $4 3 -$ -P relied on α-Fe₂O₃. Acid pretreatment of urine greatly improved the adsorption of PO $4 3 -$ -P. The adsorption processes of TOC and PO $4 3 -$ -P were both in accordance with the Redlich-Peterson adsorption isotherm, specifically, the synergy of monolayer adsorption and multilayer adsorption. The results of kinetic analysis showed that the adsorption of TOC and PO $4 3 -$ -P could reach the equilibrium within 24h. The adsorption process of PO $4 3 -$ -P can be explained by Elovich model, which is multi-layer adsorption occurred on the inhomogeneous interface. However, the adsorption of TOC is mainly controlled by the diffusion rate. Meanwhile, the removal rate of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) was 72.16% with the best adsorption effect of humic acid. The adsorption of tyrosine, tryptophan, and soluble microbial products could be reduced by acid pretreatment. The removal of P was due to the coprecipitation between P and α-Fe₂O₃and inorganic ions in urine. Then, it was attached to the pore of AC in the form of inorganic salt deposition.

Key words: activated carbon, α-Fe₂O₃, urine, adsorption, kinetics

中图分类号:

X703

焦赟仪, 周书葵, 张良长, 艾为党, 康赛, 李晨璐, 郑利兵, 魏源送. α-Fe₂O₃与活性炭协同处理尿液废水的过程优化与吸附特性[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(4): 2347-2356.

JIAO Yunyi, ZHOU Shukui, ZHANG Liangchang, AI Weidang, KANG Sai, LI Chenlu, ZHENG Libing, WEI Yuansong. Optimization and adsorption characteristics of the α-Fe₂O₃and activated carbon synergistic adsorption in the treatment of urine wastewater[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(4): 2347-2356.

图/表 10

图1 活性炭形貌、孔径分布及尿液有机组成

图2 铁炭比对尿液TOC、TP和PO43--P去除的影响

图3 投加量对TOC、TP和PO43--P去除的影响

图4 吸附剂对TOC和PO43--P 的吸附等温线拟合

表1 TOC和PO43--P吸附等温线模型吸附参数及相关系数

模型	参数	TOC	TOC （酸性）	PO $4 3 -$ -P	PO $4 3 -$ -P （酸性）
Langmuir	K	0.0004	0.0032	0.0385	0.1175
	q_max	67.5160	53.3238	5.8720	4.7038
	R²	0.9847	0.9664	0.9698	0.9029
Freundlich	K_f	0.4568	0.2423	0.8078	1.2456
	n	1.8182	1.7274	2.7663	3.9190
	R²	0.9598	0.9458	0.9682	0.9948
Redlich-Peterson	K_r	0.0257	0.0159	0.3809	6.1723
	g	1.1512	1.1384	0.8140	0.7668
	a	0.0001	0.00008	0.1772	4.4141
	R²	0.9856	0.96702	0.9852	0.9966

表1 TOC和PO43--P吸附等温线模型吸附参数及相关系数

模型	参数	TOC	TOC （酸性）	PO $4 3 -$ -P	PO $4 3 -$ -P （酸性）
Langmuir	K	0.0004	0.0032	0.0385	0.1175
	q_max	67.5160	53.3238	5.8720	4.7038
	R²	0.9847	0.9664	0.9698	0.9029
Freundlich	K_f	0.4568	0.2423	0.8078	1.2456
	n	1.8182	1.7274	2.7663	3.9190
	R²	0.9598	0.9458	0.9682	0.9948
Redlich-Peterson	K_r	0.0257	0.0159	0.3809	6.1723
	g	1.1512	1.1384	0.8140	0.7668
	a	0.0001	0.00008	0.1772	4.4141
	R²	0.9856	0.96702	0.9852	0.9966

图5 吸附剂对TOC和PO43--P的吸附动力学拟合

表2 TOC和PO43---P的吸附动力学模型吸附参数及相关系数

模型	参数	TOC	TOC （酸性）	PO $4 3 -$ -P	PO $4 3 -$ -P （酸性）
准一级动力学模型	k₁	0.2315	0.3341	4.3485	2.5223
	q_e	47.0908	29.9960	4.3600	5.2882
	R²	0.9697	0.8167	0.7207	0.8357
准二级动力学模型	k₂	0.0044	0.0153	1.2542	0.5601
	q_e	56.7022	33.1784	4.6190	5.6938
	R²	0.9608	0.9004	0.8513	0.9134
Elovich模型	α	54.2731	82.2303	342.1035	85.9608
	β	0.1068	0.1910	1.8654	1.2283
	R²	0.8968	0.9546	0.9147	0.9220
颗粒内扩散模型	k_p	10.6292	6.0469	0.5487	0.8195
	C	2.3401	6.3054	2.7825	2.7906
	R²	0.8685	0.9569	0.7199	0.7018

表2 TOC和PO43---P的吸附动力学模型吸附参数及相关系数

模型	参数	TOC	TOC （酸性）	PO $4 3 -$ -P	PO $4 3 -$ -P （酸性）
准一级动力学模型	k₁	0.2315	0.3341	4.3485	2.5223
	q_e	47.0908	29.9960	4.3600	5.2882
	R²	0.9697	0.8167	0.7207	0.8357
准二级动力学模型	k₂	0.0044	0.0153	1.2542	0.5601
	q_e	56.7022	33.1784	4.6190	5.6938
	R²	0.9608	0.9004	0.8513	0.9134
Elovich模型	α	54.2731	82.2303	342.1035	85.9608
	β	0.1068	0.1910	1.8654	1.2283
	R²	0.8968	0.9546	0.9147	0.9220
颗粒内扩散模型	k_p	10.6292	6.0469	0.5487	0.8195
	C	2.3401	6.3054	2.7825	2.7906
	R²	0.8685	0.9569	0.7199	0.7018

图6 吸附后尿液中有机物组成

表3 尿液荧光区域积分标准体积及荧光指数

项目	Ⅰ区/au·nm²	Ⅱ区/au·nm²	Ⅲ区/au·nm²	Ⅳ区/au·nm²	Ⅴ区/au·nm²	荧光总体积/au·nm²	FI	BIX	HIX
非酸性
原尿液	210068	1652952	1244555	1726135	2129004	6962714	2.54	1.24	0.36
1h	115211	702620	415095	547131	713835	2493892	2.60	1.35	0.38
6h	114318	655523	353850	492695	525022	2141408	2.97	1.76	0.36
10h	113740	613033	348327	476481	557876	2109457	2.08	1.52	0.36
24h	111544	567042	332776	438385	489003	1938751	2.53	1.59	0.34
酸性
1h	198985	1122605	733848	1092363	1152205	4300005	2.27	1.35	0.29
6h	167964	847905	543025	783664	796170	3138728	1.94	1.56	0.28
10h	122886	743790	492137	623551	682984	2665348	2.63	1.57	0.32
24h	132957	645407	348034	520055	468667	2115119	2.32	1.61	0.28

图7 α-Fe2O3与活性炭协同吸附尿液后的形貌及元素分布图

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α-Fe₂O₃与活性炭协同处理尿液废水的过程优化与吸附特性

Optimization and adsorption characteristics of the α-Fe₂O₃and activated carbon synergistic adsorption in the treatment of urine wastewater

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