催化溶剂分解法转化塑料废弃物的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-2108

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

塑料废弃物因其分布范围广、回收处理复杂等问题对自然环境构成严重威胁。传统的填埋法和焚烧法未能有效缓解塑料废弃物对环境的污染问题。化学回收处理作为一种替代方案，将塑料废弃物降解为低聚物或转化为其他产品，显示出潜在的环境友好性和经济效益。本文全面介绍了塑料废弃物中主要聚合物（聚酯类塑料、聚烯烃类塑料）催化溶剂分解法的反应机制和产物转化应用。特别关注了针对聚酯类塑料回收转化的水解法、醇解法和氨解法，以及针对聚烯烃塑料回收转化的烯烃复分解法，这些方法能够在温和条件下实现塑料废弃物的高效降解和回收。最后，从催化剂设计和产物高值转化两个层面探讨了催化溶剂分解法转化塑料废弃物的发展机遇，以及未来研究关注的关键科学和技术问题。

关键词: 塑料废弃物, 催化溶剂分解法, 水解法, 醇解法, 氨解法, 烯烃复分解法

Abstract:

Plastic waste poses a serious threat to the natural environment due to its wide distribution and the complexity of recycling. Traditional landfill and incineration methods have not been effective in reducing the environmental impact of plastic waste. As an alternative, chemical recycling treatment shows its potential environmental friendliness and economic benefits by degrading plastic wastes into oligomers or converting them into other products. This review provided a comprehensive overview of the reaction mechanisms and product conversion applications of catalytic solvolysis for the main polymers in plastic waste (polyester-based plastics, polyolefin plastics). It was focused on hydrolysis, alcoholysis and aminolysis for the recycling and conversion of polyester-based plastics, and alkane metathesis for the recycling and conversion of polyolefin plastics, which could achieve efficient degradation and recycling of plastic waste under mild conditions. Finally, the opportunities for the development of catalytic solvolysis for the conversion of plastic waste and the key scientific and technological issues for future research at the levels of catalyst design and high-value product conversion were discussed.

Key words: plastic waste, catalytic solvolysis, hydrolysis, alcoholysis, aminolysis, alkane metathesis

中图分类号:

X705

唐泽群, 王子帅, 肖刚, 苏海佳. 催化溶剂分解法转化塑料废弃物的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(5): 2746-2757.

TANG Zequn, WANG Zishuai, XIAO Gang, SU Haijia. Research advances in catalytic solvolysis to convert plastic waste[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(5): 2746-2757.

图/表 12

参考文献 96

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底物	温度/℃	压力	催化剂	时间/h	产率/%	参考文献
PET	230	1bar	ZSM-5	0.5	TPA, 100	[21]
	220	—	TPA	3	TPA, 95.5	[27]
	180	微波，46W	NaOH	0.5	TPA, 97	[32]
	200	1bar	—	1	TPA, 97.9	[36]
	210	微波	t-BuNH₂/LiBr	0.2	TPA, 100	[33]
	195	3MPa	金属离子	2	TPA, 95	[37]
PLA	50	超声	—	0.08	乳酸, 90	[38]
PLA	50	常压	TBD	2	乙基乳酸酯, 80	[39]
PHB	200	—	H₂SO₄	2	丙烯, 100	[40]

底物	温度/℃	压力	催化剂	时间/h	产率/%	参考文献
PET	230	1bar	ZSM-5	0.5	TPA, 100	[21]
	220	—	TPA	3	TPA, 95.5	[27]
	180	微波，46W	NaOH	0.5	TPA, 97	[32]
	200	1bar	—	1	TPA, 97.9	[36]
	210	微波	t-BuNH₂/LiBr	0.2	TPA, 100	[33]
	195	3MPa	金属离子	2	TPA, 95	[37]
PLA	50	超声	—	0.08	乳酸, 90	[38]
PLA	50	常压	TBD	2	乙基乳酸酯, 80	[39]
PHB	200	—	H₂SO₄	2	丙烯, 100	[40]

底物	温度/℃	压力	催化剂	时间/h	产率/%	参考文献
PET	190	1bar	[Bmim][OAc]	3	BHET, 58.2	[57]
	190	1bar	单氰胺	2.5	BHET, 95	[59]
	300	11bar	—	0.4~0.8	BHET, 30	[60]
	190	常压	TBD	3.5	BHET, 78	[61]
	210	—	Fe₃O₄	0.5	BHET, 93	[62]
	210	微波	t-BuNH₂/LiBr	0.2	BHET, 100	[33]
	220~230	24atm	醋酸锌	8~35	BHET, 88	[63]
	120	常压	DES	2	DMT, 80	[64]
PLA	140	常压	SO₄^2-/ZrO₂/SiO₂	5	乳酸甲酯（MLA）, 92.7	[65]
	100	常压	DBU	5	MLA, 91	[66]
	130	常压	FeCl₃	4	MLA, 87.2	[67]
PBT	230	N₂	TBOT-抗坏血酸	1.5	BHBT	[68]

底物	温度/℃	压力	催化剂	时间/h	产率/%	参考文献
PET	190	1bar	[Bmim][OAc]	3	BHET, 58.2	[57]
	190	1bar	单氰胺	2.5	BHET, 95	[59]
	300	11bar	—	0.4~0.8	BHET, 30	[60]
	190	常压	TBD	3.5	BHET, 78	[61]
	210	—	Fe₃O₄	0.5	BHET, 93	[62]
	210	微波	t-BuNH₂/LiBr	0.2	BHET, 100	[33]
	220~230	24atm	醋酸锌	8~35	BHET, 88	[63]
	120	常压	DES	2	DMT, 80	[64]
PLA	140	常压	SO₄^2-/ZrO₂/SiO₂	5	乳酸甲酯（MLA）, 92.7	[65]
	100	常压	DBU	5	MLA, 91	[66]
	130	常压	FeCl₃	4	MLA, 87.2	[67]
PBT	230	N₂	TBOT-抗坏血酸	1.5	BHBT	[68]

底物	温度/℃	压力	催化剂	时间/h	产率/%	参考文献
PET	250	常压	乙二胺	0.2	BAETA, 92	[82]
	196	1 bar	Hmim.TfO	1	BHETA, 89	[85]
	114	1 bar	NaOAc	4	BHET, 86	[86]
	170	—	醋酸钠和硫酸钾	8	BHETA, 91	[84]