纤维状钙钛矿太阳能电池研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-2091

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

太阳能作为传统化石能源的理想替代品，几乎取之不尽，而且对环境无害。近几年，纤维形态的太阳能电池器件引起了巨大的研究兴趣并取得了长足的进步，特别是纤维状钙钛矿太阳能电池，其光电转换效率从3.3%提高到15.7%。本文首先简要概述了纤维状电池器件兴起的背景及其优势；然后对比了平面状和纤维状钙钛矿太阳能电池的结构和工作原理；从制备方法和结构设计两个方面综述了纤维状钙钛矿太阳能电池的最新研究进展，对比了不同制备方法和结构设计方法的特点，并从纤维状电子设备编织、纺织品中构造导电轨道和连接技术等方面详细介绍了其编织技术；最后，总结了该领域存在的挑战，对未来发展方向及应用前景进行了展望。

关键词: 钙钛矿太阳能电池, 纤维状, 编织

Abstract:

Solar energy is an ideal alternative of fossil energy, almost inexhaustible and not harmful to the environment. In recent years, there has been a great deal of interest and progress in the development of solar cell devices in the form of fibers. Compared with flat solar cells, fibrous solar cells have the advantages of easy preparation, good flexibility, three-dimensional light exposure and so on. They can be made into flexible solar cell fabrics by weaving technology and integrated into clothing to charge portable electronic products such as smart bracelets. In particular, fibrous perovskite solar cells have increased their photoelectric conversion efficiency from 3.3% to 15.7%. In this paper, the background and advantages of the rise of fiber cell devices are briefly reviewed, and the structure and working principle of planar and fibrous perovskite solar cells are compared. Then, the latest research progress of fibrous perovskite solar cells is reviewed from two aspects of preparation method and structure design. The characteristics of different preparation methods are compared and different structure design methods are introduced. The weaving technology is described in detail from the aspects of weaving method, construction of conductive tracks into textiles and connection technology. Finally, the challenges in this field are summarized and the future development direction and application prospect are prospected. It is hoped that this paper can attract scholars from different research backgrounds to enter this multidisciplinary field, and promote its development and create a real era of smart wearable.

Key words: perovskite solar cell, fibrous, knit

中图分类号:

TM914.4

韩丽, 李望良, 李艳香, 安高军, 鲁长波. 纤维状钙钛矿太阳能电池研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(10): 5135-5146.

HAN Li, LI Wangliang, LI Yanxiang, AN Gaojun, LU Changbo. Research progress of fibrous perovskite solar cells[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(10): 5135-5146.

图/表 10

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方法	PSC结构	性能	特点	文献
电加热辅助多重涂层（EMC）	Ti/TiO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/ Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	V_OC=0.903V J_SC=12.7mA/cm² FF=65.4% PCE=7.5%	✔连续沉积有效提高了覆盖率 ✔水平涂层、轴向旋转和多重涂层提升了成膜的均匀性 ✔电加热改善了薄膜形态钙钛矿膜层存在空位和针孔	[26]
阴极沉积溶液（浸涂）	Ti/TiO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/CNT	V_OC=0.85V J_SC=14.5mA/cm² FF=56% PCE=7.1%	✔CNT可同时作为电极和HTL ✔扭转400次循环后PCE可保持在90%以上CNT片在扭曲后在钙钛矿晶体上粘附得更强取向CNT制备工艺复杂	[17]
气相辅助沉积	Ti/c-TiO₂/m-TiO₂/CH₃NH₃Pb_3-_x Cl _x / Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	V_OC=0.95V J_SC=15.14mA/cm² FF=75% PCE=10.79%	✔获得高质量的钙钛矿膜层 ✔重复性好 Au电极昂贵，大规模困难	[20]
静电纺丝	棉线-Ag/P3HT/m-TiO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃- PVP/SnO₂-PCBM/CF	V_OC=1.92V J_SC=11.94mA/cm² FF=54.2% PCE=15.7%	✔PCE大幅度提升，目前制备的器件为纤维PSC效率最高值 ✔有望实现大批量生产棉纱线受织造摩擦影响严重	[21]

方法	PSC结构	性能	特点	文献
电加热辅助多重涂层（EMC）	Ti/TiO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/ Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	V_OC=0.903V J_SC=12.7mA/cm² FF=65.4% PCE=7.5%	✔连续沉积有效提高了覆盖率 ✔水平涂层、轴向旋转和多重涂层提升了成膜的均匀性 ✔电加热改善了薄膜形态钙钛矿膜层存在空位和针孔	[26]
阴极沉积溶液（浸涂）	Ti/TiO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/CNT	V_OC=0.85V J_SC=14.5mA/cm² FF=56% PCE=7.1%	✔CNT可同时作为电极和HTL ✔扭转400次循环后PCE可保持在90%以上CNT片在扭曲后在钙钛矿晶体上粘附得更强取向CNT制备工艺复杂	[17]
气相辅助沉积	Ti/c-TiO₂/m-TiO₂/CH₃NH₃Pb_3-_x Cl _x / Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	V_OC=0.95V J_SC=15.14mA/cm² FF=75% PCE=10.79%	✔获得高质量的钙钛矿膜层 ✔重复性好 Au电极昂贵，大规模困难	[20]
静电纺丝	棉线-Ag/P3HT/m-TiO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃- PVP/SnO₂-PCBM/CF	V_OC=1.92V J_SC=11.94mA/cm² FF=54.2% PCE=15.7%	✔PCE大幅度提升，目前制备的器件为纤维PSC效率最高值 ✔有望实现大批量生产棉纱线受织造摩擦影响严重	[21]

PSC功能层结构（从内到外）	V_OC/V	J_SC/mA·cm^-2	FF/%	PCE/%	文献
不锈钢丝/c-TiO₂/m-TiO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/ Spiro-OMeTAD/CNT	0.664	10.2	48.7	3.3	[11]
CNT/c-TiO₂/m-TiO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/ P3HT-SWNT/Ag NWs	0.615	8.75	56.4	3.03	[12]
不锈钢丝/ZnO/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/ Spiro-OMeTAD/CNT	0.8	7.52	43	3.8	[13]
Ti/c-TiO₂/m-TiO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/ Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag NWs	0.731	11.97	44	3.85	[14]
Ti/TiO₂/CH₃NH₃Pb_3-_x Cl _x /Spiro-OMeTAD/CNT	0.76	15.99	44.44	5.01	[15]
Ti/c-TiO₂/m-TiO₂/CH₃NH₃Pb_3-_x Cl _x / Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.713	12.32	60.9	5.35	[16]
Ti/TiO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/CNT	0.85	14.5	56	7.1	[17]
PEN/ITO/TiO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/CNT	0.91	15.9	65.6	9.49	[18]
Ti/c-TiO₂/m-TiO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/ Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.87	14.18	61	7.53	[19]
Ti/c-TiO₂/m-TiO₂/CH₃NH₃Pb_3-_x Cl _x / Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.95	15.14	75	10.79	[20]
棉线-Ag/P3HT/m-TiO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃-PVP/ SnO₂-PCBM/CF	1.92	11.94	54.2	15.7	[21]

PSC功能层结构（从内到外）	V_OC/V	J_SC/mA·cm^-2	FF/%	PCE/%	文献
不锈钢丝/c-TiO₂/m-TiO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/ Spiro-OMeTAD/CNT	0.664	10.2	48.7	3.3	[11]
CNT/c-TiO₂/m-TiO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/ P3HT-SWNT/Ag NWs	0.615	8.75	56.4	3.03	[12]
不锈钢丝/ZnO/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/ Spiro-OMeTAD/CNT	0.8	7.52	43	3.8	[13]
Ti/c-TiO₂/m-TiO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/ Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag NWs	0.731	11.97	44	3.85	[14]
Ti/TiO₂/CH₃NH₃Pb_3-_x Cl _x /Spiro-OMeTAD/CNT	0.76	15.99	44.44	5.01	[15]
Ti/c-TiO₂/m-TiO₂/CH₃NH₃Pb_3-_x Cl _x / Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.713	12.32	60.9	5.35	[16]
Ti/TiO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/CNT	0.85	14.5	56	7.1	[17]
PEN/ITO/TiO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/CNT	0.91	15.9	65.6	9.49	[18]
Ti/c-TiO₂/m-TiO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/ Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.87	14.18	61	7.53	[19]
Ti/c-TiO₂/m-TiO₂/CH₃NH₃Pb_3-_x Cl _x / Spiro-OMeTAD/Au	0.95	15.14	75	10.79	[20]
棉线-Ag/P3HT/m-TiO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃-PVP/ SnO₂-PCBM/CF	1.92	11.94	54.2	15.7	[21]