低温下硅油基纳米磁流体沉降稳定性与黏度特性

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-2073

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

传统纳米磁流体存在低温稳定性差、低温黏度高等问题。硅油具有优良的低温性能和黏温特性，是低温纳米磁流体合适的基载液。以硅烷偶联剂KH-550、月桂酸和油酸为分散剂，利用两步法制备了硅油基Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄纳米磁流体。通过扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、红外光谱和振动样品磁强计对颗粒形貌、微观结构和磁性能进行了表征，并从多因素对低温下纳米磁流体沉降稳定性与黏度特性进行了研究。结果表明：分散剂形成的空间位阻和载液溶解度共同影响着低温下的稳定包覆，相较于羧酸类分散剂，硅烷偶联剂KH-550表面改性包覆制备的纳米磁流体具有更好的低温沉降稳定性，且凝固后的再分散性最佳；由于偶极间相互作用、范德华力的增强以及流体布朗运动的减弱，磁场会降低纳米磁流体低温沉降稳定性；温度的降低会导致无磁场下纳米磁流体向非牛顿流体类型的转变，并影响磁场下磁场强度、剪切速率与黏度间的平衡关系。制备的硅油基纳米磁流体具有较好的低温性能，可应用于低温工况，有助于今后硅油基纳米磁流体制备技术与性能调控的进一步发展。

关键词: 纳米磁流体, 低温, 分散剂, 沉降稳定性, 黏度特性, 磁场, 剪切致稀

Abstract:

Conventional magnetic nanofluids suffer from poor stability and high viscosity at low temperatures. Silicone oil is a suitable base carrier fluid for low-temperature magnetic nanofluids due to its excellent low-temperature properties and viscosity-temperature characteristics. In this paper, silicone oil-based Ni_0.5Zn_0.5Fe₂O₄magnetic nanofluids were prepared by a two-step method using silane coupling agent KH-550, lauric acid or oleic acid as dispersants. The particle morphology, microstructure and magnetic properties were characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffactometer, infrared spectrum spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer, and the sedimentation stability and viscosity properties of the magnetic nanofluids at low temperatures were investigated from multiple factors. The results show that the spatial site resistance effect and the solubility of the dispersant in the carrier solution jointly affect the stable coating at low temperature. Compared with carboxylic acid dispersants, the nanomagnetic fluids prepared by surface-modified coating with silane coupling agent KH-550 have better low-temperature sedimentation stability and the best redispersibility after solidification. The magnetic field reduces the low-temperature sedimentation stability of magnetic nanofluids due to enhanced dipole interactions and van der Waals forces as well as weakened Brownian motion of the fluid. The decrease in temperature leads to the transition from magnetic nanofluid to non-Newtonian fluid type without magnetic field and affects the equilibrium relationship between magnetic field strength, shear rate and viscosity under magnetic field. The silicone oil-based magnetic nanofluid prepared in this paper has good low-temperature performance and can be applied to low-temperature working conditions. This study contributes to the further development of the preparation technology and performance regulation of silicone oil-based magnetic nanofluid in the future.

Key words: magnetic nanofluid, low temperature, dispersing agents, sedimentation stability, viscosity properties, magnetic field, shear-thinning

中图分类号:

TB34

朱启晨, 吴张永, 王志强, 蒋佳骏, 李翔. 低温下硅油基纳米磁流体沉降稳定性与黏度特性[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(10): 5101-5110.

ZHU Qichen, WU Zhangyong, WANG Zhiqiang, JIANG Jiajun, LI Xiang. Sedimentation stability and viscosity properties of silicone oil-based magnetic nanofluid at low temperature[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(10): 5101-5110.

图/表 13

图1 纳米磁流体低温黏度特性实验示意图1—低温恒温槽；2—钕铁硼永磁体；3—旋转流变仪；4—纳米磁流体样品

图2 Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4颗粒XRD图

图3 Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4包覆颗粒红外光谱图

图4 Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4包覆颗粒SEM图

图5 KH-550表面改性Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4颗粒mapping图

图6 Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4颗粒的磁滞回线(1Oe=79.58A/m)

图7 纳米磁流体低温沉降稳定性评价

图8 磁场对纳米磁流体低温沉降稳定性的影响

图9 纳米磁流体再分散性评价

图10 纳米磁流体黏温特性曲线

图11 不同温度下剪切速率对无磁场黏度的影响

图12 不同温度下纳米磁流体磁黏特性

图13 不同温度下剪切速率对磁黏特性的影响

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