中国流态化技术研发史略

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0218

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

现代流态化技术始于20世纪40年代其在石油催化裂化工艺的成功应用，迄今已有近80年的发展历史。在中国，流态化技术在经历了艰难的初期发展阶段后，随着改革开放和科技复兴才开始深入系统的基础及其工业应用的研究，进入到快速发展的高潮期和稳定发展期。本文在回顾了世界流态化研究的起源与进展后，概述了流态化技术在中国数十年的发展历程。按照流态化技术在中国发展的三阶段，依据本文作者的亲历和认知，回顾了中国学者多年来对世界和中国流态化理论和技术发展所做的重要贡献，特别是在产业化技术方面取得的成果。最后，展望了流态化技术未来的研究和技术发展方向。

关键词: 流态化技术, 工业应用, 历史沿革

Abstract:

Fluidization technology has passed nearly 80 years since it was successfully applied commercially to the petroleum catalytic cracking process in the 1940s. In China, fluidization technology has experienced periods of fast and steady development track along with the reform and opening of the country after a difficult initial R&D stage. This paper highlights the development of fluidization technology in China over the past several decades. After reviewing the origination and progress of fluidization research in the world, we devote the limited pages to significant contributions that Chinese scholars have made to the development of fluidization theory and technology in the world and China over the years, especially the achievements in industrializing fluidization technology, based on the author's best understanding and knowledge. Finally, we provide a brief perspective on the future research and development direction of fluidization technology in China.

Key words: fluidization technology, industrial application, historical evolution

中图分类号:

TQ03

金涌, 程易, 白丁荣, 张晨曦, 魏飞. 中国流态化技术研发史略[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(6): 2761-2780.

JIN Yong, CHENG Yi, BAI Dingrong, ZHANG Chenxi, WEI Fei. Fluidization research and development in China[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(6): 2761-2780.

图/表 15

图1 中国流态化研究引领者

图2 气固流化床气泡流流动[38] (a)、X射线获得的流化床中气泡运动图像[37] (b)和气泡与颗粒的交互作用示意图[38] (c)

图3 鼓泡流态化向湍动流态化转变(a)、流化气速和操作压力对流型转变的影响(b)、促进流型转变的塔型构件(c)和促进流型转变的脊型构件(d)

图4 快速流化床轴向空隙率典型分布(a)、颗粒絮状物力平衡(b)和气固流态化流型及其对应的空隙率和气速的变化关系(c)

图5 焦化蜡油催化裂化分区技术(a)、重油分级分区催化裂化技术(b)和催化裂化汽油辅助反应器改质降烯烃技术(c)[88]

图6 循环流化床锅炉定态设计图谱(a)、流态重构示意图(b)和循环床锅炉中有效和无效颗粒轴向密度分布(c)[91-93]

图7 清华大学气固下行流化床装置示意图(a)、下行床中气固两相轴向流动特征(b)~(d)和下行床中颗粒浓度、气体速度和颗粒速度的径向分布及其与上行提升管的比较(e)~(f)

图8 提升管-下行管耦合反应器示意图(a)和山东济南炼油厂15万吨/年油催化裂化中试装置照片(b)（提升管直径380mm、高40m，床内径480mm、高15m）

图9 华东理工大学研发的多喷嘴对置式水煤浆气化技术原理示意图

图10 流态化甲醇制制烯烃技术路线(a)、流态化甲醇制制烯烃反应器装置(b)和流态化甲醇制制烯烃装置的三维模型(c)[108-109]

图11 多层气固流化床示意图

图12 中国学者及前20名研发单位近年来发表的流态化相关论文统计（Web of Science, 主题：fluidize）

图13 湍动-快速流态化耦合反应器应用于吡啶碱合成(a)和二硫化碳合成反应过程(b)[125]

图14 气固流化床(a)、气泡相和乳化相压力功率谱随操作压力的变化(b)和颗粒压力与颗粒浓度的变化关系(c)

图15 温度对最小流化速度的影响(a)和高温流化床最小流化速度与低温条件下关联式的比较(b)[129]

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