工业规模核用离心萃取器的水力学和传质性能

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0779

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

离心萃取器是一种依靠离心力实现两相混合液分相的高效溶剂萃取设备，用于核燃料后处理具有许多优点，被公认是核用萃取设备的发展方向。为实现离心萃取器应用于我国将来核燃料后处理大厂，已研制出转筒直径为150mm且当转速为3000r/min时分离因数为755的ϕ150mm工业规模核用离心萃取器。采用30%TBP/煤油-硝酸溶液萃取体系系统开展了单级和五级串联ϕ150mm工业规模核用离心萃取器的水力学和传质性能的实验研究。结果表明，在一定实验条件下，ϕ150mm工业规模核用离心萃取器最大处理能力达到1532L/h，且萃取级效率>96%。因此，ϕ150mm工业规模核用离心萃取器具有良好的水力学性能和传质性能。同时，其级存留体积为6.33~6.53L。结果表明，ϕ150mm工业规模核用离心萃取器基本满足核燃料后处理厂对萃取设备的要求，有良好的应用前景。

关键词: 离心萃取器, 核燃料后处理, 水力学性能, 传质性能

Abstract:

The centrifugal contactor (CC) is a kind of efficient solvent extraction equipment for phase separation of two-phase by centrifugal force. The CC has many advantages when it is used in the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel, and therefore being recognized as the development direction of nuclear extraction equipment. An industrial-scale ϕ150mm CC with 150mm in the rotor inner diameter for nuclear industry has been developed to achieve the application of CCs in future nuclear fuel reprocessing plants in China. When the rotor speed is 3000r/min, its separation factor is 755. Experimental studies were systematically carried out to obtain performance of the single-stage and 5-stage cascade industrial-scale ϕ150mm CCs for nuclear industry using 30%TBP/kerosene-HNO₃ solution extraction system. It is shown that the maximum processing capacity and mass transfer efficiency of the ϕ150mm CC for nuclear industry can reach 1532L/h and 96% under certain experimental conditions, respectively, which shows that the ϕ150mm CC for nuclear industry has excellent hydraulic performance and mass-transfer efficiency. Meanwhile, the liquid hold-up volume of a stage is about 6.33—6.53L. All of these indicate that the industrial-scale ϕ150mm CC for nuclear industry meets the requirements of nuclear fuel reprocessing plants for extraction equipment, and thus has good application prospect.

Key words: centrifugal contactor, reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel, hydraulic performance, mass-transfer efficiency

中图分类号:

TQ028.4

段五华, 孙涛祥, 郑强. 工业规模核用离心萃取器的水力学和传质性能[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(7): 3709-3717.

DUAN Wuhua, SUN Taoxiang, ZHENG Qiang. Hydraulic performance and mass-transfer efficiency of industrial-scale centrifugal contactors for nuclear industry[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(7): 3709-3717.

图/表 14

参考文献 21

[1]	DUAN Wuhua, ZHAO Mingming, WANG Chengqian, et al. Recent advances in the development and application of annular centrifugal contactors in the nuclear industry[J]. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 2014, 32(1): 1-26.
[2]	姜圣阶，任凤仪. 核燃料后处理工学[M]. 北京: 原子能出版社, 1995: 359-366.
	JIANG Shengjie, REN Fengyi. Nuclear fuel reprocessing engineering[M]. Beijing: Atomic Press, 1995: 359-366.
[3]	周嘉贞, 周秀珠, 于文东, 等. 一种放化分离用的微型离心萃取器[J]. 清华大学学报(自然科学版), 1997, 37(5): 46-49.
	ZHOU Jiazhen, ZHOU Xiuzhu, YU Wendong, et al. Miniature centrifugal contactor for radiochemical separation[J]. Journal of Tsinghua University (Science and Technology), 1997, 37(5): 46-49.
[4]	DUAN Wuhua, CHENG Qin, ZHOU Xiuzhu, et al. Development of a ϕ20mm annular centrifugal contactor for the hot test of the total TRPO process[J]. Progress in Nuclear Energy, 2009, 51(2): 313-318.
[5]	段五华, 张春秀, 周秀珠, 等. Φ50mm核用离心萃取器的研制及其水力学性能[J]. 核科学与工程, 2006, 26(2): 97-102.
	DUAN Wuhua, ZHANG Chunxiu, ZHOU Xiuzhu, et al. Development and hydraulic performance of Φ50mm centrifugal extractor used in nuclear industry[J]. Chinese Journal of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2006, 26(2): 97-102.
[6]	DUAN Wuhua, SONG Chongli, WU Qiulin, et al. Development and performance of a new annular centrifugal contactor for semi-industrial scale[J]. Separation Science and Technology, 2005, 40(9): 1871-1883.
[7]	MODOLO Giuseppe, VIJGEN Hendrik, Daniel SERRANO-PURROY, et al. DIAMEX counter-current extraction process for recovery of trivalent actinides from simulated high active concentrate[J]. Separation Science and Technology, 2007, 42(3): 439-452.
[8]	WILDEN Andreas, MODOLO Giuseppe, KAUFHOLZ Peter, et al. Process development and laboratory-scale demonstration of a regular-SANEX process using C5-BPP (2,6-bis(5-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine)[J]. Separation Science and Technology, 2015, 50(16): 2467-2475.
[9]	DUAN Wuhua, CHEN Jing, WANG Jianchen, et al. Application of annular centrifugal contactors in the hot test of the improved total partitioning process for high level liquid waste[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2014, 278: 566-571.
[10]	左臣, 李传博, 晏太红, 等. 铀钚萃取洗涤-共反萃工艺的离心萃取器台架实验研究[J]. 原子能科学技术, 2015, 49(6): 992-996.
	ZUO Chen, LI Chuanbo, YAN Taihong, et al. Rig trial study on U and Pu co-recovery process in centrifugal contactor[J]. Atomic Energy Science and Technology, 2015, 49(6): 992-996.
[11]	赵皓贵, 李峥, 于婷, 等. Thorex流程离心萃取器验证台架实验[J]. 核化学与放射化学, 2018, 40(1): 23-29.
	ZHAO Haogui, LI Zheng, YU Ting, et al. Experimental verification of thorex process in multi-stage centrifugal extractors[J]. Journal of Nuclear and Radiochemistry, 2018, 40(1): 23-29.
[12]	FAN Fangli, BAI Jing, FAN Fuyou, et al. Solvent extraction of uranium from aqueous solutions by α-benzoinoxime[J]. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2014, 300(3): 1039-1043.
[13]	DUAN Wuhua, WANG Jianchen, ZHOU Xiuzhu, et al. Application of ϕ70mm centrifugal contactors in a pilot test of the total partitioning process using simulated high-level waste[J]. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 2008, 26(6): 783-796.
[14]	LEONARD Ralph A. Solvent characterization using the dispersion number[J]. Separation Science and Technology, 1995, 30(7/8/9): 1103-1122.
[15]	DEHKORDI Asghar Molaei. Liquid-liquid extraction with chemical reaction in a novel impinging-jets reactor[J]. AIChE Journal, 2002, 48(10): 2230-2239.
[16]	周嘉贞. 圆筒式离心萃取器的水力学计算[J]. 化学工程, 1982, 10(5): 50-56.
	ZHOU Jiazhen. Hydraulic calculation of cylindrical centrifugal extractor[J]. Chemical Engineering (China), 1982, 10(5): 50-56.
[17]	WARDLE Kent E, ALLEN Todd R, ANDERSON Mark H, et al. Experimental study of the hydraulic operation of an annular centrifugal contactor with various mixing vane geometries[J]. AIChE Journal, 2010, 56(8): 1960-1974.
[18]	LADE Vikesh G, WANKHEDE Prashil C, RATHOD Virendra K. Removal of tributyl phosphate from aqueous stream in a pilot scale combined air-lift mixer-settler unit: Process intensification studies[J]. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 2015, 95: 72-79.
[19]	SINGH K K, RENJITH A U, SHENOY K T. Liquid-liquid extraction in microchannels and conventional stage-wise extractors: A comparative study[J]. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 2015, 98: 95-105.
[20]	KHOOSHECHIN Sajad, MOOSAVIAN Mohammad ALI, SAFDARI Jaber, et al. Mass transfer investigation in a horizontal-vertical pulsed packed extraction column[J]. RSC Advances, 2017, 7(87): 55326-55335.
[21]	TAN Boren, XU Ziyang, WANG Yong, et al. Modeling the axial distribution of mass transfer coefficient in an agitated-pulsed extraction column[J]. AIChE Journal, 2022, 68(6): e17659.

主要结构参数	数值/m
转筒的内半径	0.075
转筒的外半径	0.08
转筒的澄清段长度	0.3
外壳的内半径	0.109

主要结构参数	数值/m
转筒的内半径	0.075
转筒的外半径	0.08
转筒的澄清段长度	0.3
外壳的内半径	0.109

分相因数	分相性能
≤2×10^-4	无法分相
2×10^-4~4×10^-4	较差
4×10^-4~8×10^-4	一般
8×10^-4~16×10^-4	好
≥16×10^-4	优异

分相因数	分相性能
≤2×10^-4	无法分相
2×10^-4~4×10^-4	较差
4×10^-4~8×10^-4	一般
8×10^-4~16×10^-4	好
≥16×10^-4	优异

转速/r·min^-1	分离因数
1500	189
1800	272
2100	370
2400	483
2700	611
3000	755