分子筛基CO2吸附剂研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0305

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

固体吸附法有望显著降低CO₂捕集技术的成本，并由此推动碳捕集利用与封存技术大面积应用，为碳中和目标的高质量实现提供重要保障。高性能吸附剂是目前吸附法CO₂捕集技术的研究热点方向，受到了来自学术界和工业界的广泛关注。本文聚焦分子筛基CO₂吸附剂，围绕近年来该领域的研发工作，综述了纯硅铝分子筛、离子交换改性、胺基化功能改性、疏水化改性、“Trapdoor”吸附新策略5类分子筛基吸附剂的设计策略、合成方法、强化CO₂吸附原理等方面的研究进展，对比了其优劣势。在此基础上，结合碳捕集技术潜在的应用场景讨论了温度、压力、烟气组成的影响，并围绕分子筛基CO₂吸附剂面向规模化应用可能存在的技术问题对进一步的工作方向提出了建议。

关键词: CO₂捕集, 吸附, 分子筛, 改性

Abstract:

Solid phase adsorption is expected to significantly reduce the cost of CO₂ capture, and thereby promote the wide deployment of carbon capture, utilization and storage, which is of vital importance for high quality achievement of carbon neutrality. High performance adsorbent is the current research hotspot in this field, which has received extensive attention from both academia and industrial aspects. This paper focused on zeolite-based CO₂ adsorbents. Following the research and development trend of the materials, the recent progresses were reviewed from the aspects of pure silicon aluminum molecular sieve, ion exchange modification, amination function modification, hydrophobic modification and new adsorption mechanism of“Trapdoor”. The design strategy, synthesis method, mechanism of enhancing CO₂ adsorption and related contents were summarized, and their pros and cons were compared. Based on this, the influence of temperature, pressure and composition of flue gas was discussed in the context of potential scenarios of CO₂ capture. Moreover, by taking considerations on possible issues of large-scale application, suggestions for further work were proposed.

Key words: CO₂ capture, adsorption, zeolite, modification

中图分类号:

O647.3

陈崇明, 陈秋, 宫云茜, 车凯, 郁金星, 孙楠楠. 分子筛基CO₂吸附剂研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 411-419.

CHEN Chongming, CHEN Qiu, GONG Yunqian, CHE Kai, YU Jinxing, SUN Nannan. Research progresses on zeolite-based CO₂ adsorbents[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 411-419.

图/表 5

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改性方法	优势	劣势
离子交换改性	改性理论、技术成熟；底物适用性广；可选阳离子种类多；过程简易，易放大；对分子筛材料的晶体结构和多孔性质影响小	含水工况下CO₂吸附性能的提升相对有限；可能造成吸附选择性和循环稳定性的下降
胺基化改性	吸附量和选择性同时提升；含水工况影响小	制备成本增加；循环稳定性易受操作条件和杂质影响解吸难度高
疏水化改性	抑制分子筛骨架中Si—O键水解断裂；缓解水的竞争吸附，改善含水工况条件下CO₂的吸附选择性和循环稳定性	制备成本增加；适用范围受限；影响分子筛的孔道结构；可能造成CO₂吸附量显著下降
“Trapdoor”新策略	颠覆性创新策略	成熟度低，关键科学问题缺乏认识；适用范围可能有限

改性方法	优势	劣势
离子交换改性	改性理论、技术成熟；底物适用性广；可选阳离子种类多；过程简易，易放大；对分子筛材料的晶体结构和多孔性质影响小	含水工况下CO₂吸附性能的提升相对有限；可能造成吸附选择性和循环稳定性的下降
胺基化改性	吸附量和选择性同时提升；含水工况影响小	制备成本增加；循环稳定性易受操作条件和杂质影响解吸难度高
疏水化改性	抑制分子筛骨架中Si—O键水解断裂；缓解水的竞争吸附，改善含水工况条件下CO₂的吸附选择性和循环稳定性	制备成本增加；适用范围受限；影响分子筛的孔道结构；可能造成CO₂吸附量显著下降
“Trapdoor”新策略	颠覆性创新策略	成熟度低，关键科学问题缺乏认识；适用范围可能有限

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分子筛基CO₂吸附剂研究进展

Research progresses on zeolite-based CO₂ adsorbents

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