Abstract: The biofouling of reverse osmosis membrane is reviewed based on literatures in recent years. The fouling mechanisms are firstly introduced，including the adsorption interaction between microorganism and membrane surface，and the effects of some factors on the microorganism deposition. The monitoring and early warning of biofouling is then described. Finally，the control and prevention methods for biofouling are discussed，including pretreatment，membrane surface modification，cleaning and microorganism quorum sensing inhibition.