Abstract: This article states that the post-petroleum era will come along with the peak of the world petroleum output. The author sums up the different views about when the world petroleum output will reach its peak. The exploration and development data analyzed in this article indicate that the world petroleum output will peak soon. The soaring oil price，which has already impeded the world economic growth，has alarmed the forthcoming post-petroleum era which will contribute to further price rise. The countermeasures listed in the article include：
1. Formulate Proactive pricing and tax policies to guide rational oil consumption;
2. Promote the research，development and application of oil-saving technologies;
3. Increase upstream investment and adopt new technologies to find more resources;
4. Develop new oil Processing technologies to find new petrochemical feedstocks;
5. Expedite the development of bio-fuel technologies and realize commercial scale production;
6. Develop and utilize non-conventional petroleum resources;
7. Develop and commercialize the coal-to-liquid (CTL) technologies.