Abstract: This paper presents the fermentation technology of acetic acid from renewable resources and the separation methods of acetic acid - water solution. Acetic acid fermentation is reviewed mainly in terms of traditional fermentation and immobilization technology as well as submerged technology. The submerged technology plays an important role in acetic acid fermentation for its lower production cost，especially for producing high-strength acetic acid more than 220 g/L.Different ways for the separation of acetic acid-water solution by evaporation，membrane or extractive distillation as well as the combination of those methods for efficiently separation are introduced.