长庆含蜡原油油品特性及热处理改性效果

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2025-1160

化工进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (S1): 134-143.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2025-1160

• 能源加工与技术 • 上一篇

长庆含蜡原油油品特性及热处理改性效果

刘海军¹(), 田静茹²^,³, 王毅杰²(), 侯军刚¹, 张镇雄¹, 李敬¹

^1.中国石油天然气股份有限公司长庆油田分公司第一采油厂，陕西延安 716009
^2.中国石油大学（北京）机械与储运工程学院，油气管道输送安全国家工程实验室，城市油气输配技术北京市重点实验室，北京 102249
^3.国家管网集团西部管道有限责任公司，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011

收稿日期:2025-08-13 修回日期:2025-09-20 出版日期:2025-10-25 发布日期:2025-11-24
通讯作者: 王毅杰
作者简介:刘海军（1987—），男，本科，研究方向为油田地面集输。E-mail：liuhaij_cq@petrochina.com.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重点项目(51534007);国家自然科学基金面上项目(51374224)

Characteristics of Changqing wax-containing crude oil and the effects of heat treatment modification

LIU Haijun¹(), TIAN Jingru²^,³, WANG Yijie²(), HOU Jungang¹, ZHANG Zhenxiong¹, LI Jing¹

^1.China National Petroleum Corporation Changqing Oilfield Branch First Oil Production Plant, Yan’an 716009, Shaanxi, China
^2.College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Pipeline Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution Technology, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
^3.PipeChina West Pipeline Company, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China

Received:2025-08-13 Revised:2025-09-20 Online:2025-10-25 Published:2025-11-24
Contact: WANG Yijie

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

原油凝点及流变特性是衡量管道输送安全性的关键指标，其数值波动不仅影响输送能耗，更可能引发管道堵塞等安全隐患，因此对原油物性及改性效果的研究具有重要工程意义。为系统掌握长庆含蜡原油的输送适配性，本文通过室内实验对长庆油田5个采油厂8种原油的物性及热处理效果进行研究，着重分析了长庆含蜡原油不同热处理温度下的凝点变化规律。结果显示，长庆原油凝点低、蜡含量少、富含轻质成分，沥青质与胶质含量低，因此呈现较低的黏度和屈服应力；同时研究油品的热处理效果及影响因素，发现热处理敏感性原油的凝点最大可降低14℃；结合相关性分析法确定了热处理敏感性原油凝点变化的关键影响因素为热处理温度与析蜡点间的差值，并建立了热处理敏感性原油热处理后的凝点预测模型，模型预测值与实验测量值的平均绝对偏差温度值为1.84℃。该模型为长庆油田原油热处理工艺参数的优化提供了理论依据，更为保障地面集输管道的安全高效运行提供了切实有效的数据支撑。

关键词: 含蜡原油, 凝点, 流变特性, 热处理温度, 析蜡特性

Abstract:

Crude oil freezing point and rheological properties are key indicators of pipeline transportation safety. Fluctuations in these values not only impact transportation energy consumption but may also trigger safety hazards such as pipeline blockages. Therefore, research into crude oil properties and modification effects holds significant engineering importance. To systematically understand the transport compatibility of wax-containing crude oil from the Changqing field, through indoor experiments, we studied the physical properties and thermal treatment effects of eight types of crude oil from five oil production plants in the Changqing Oilfield, focusing on analyzing the changes in the pour point of wax-containing crude oil from Changqing at different thermal treatment temperatures. The results showed that Changqing crude oil had a low pour point, low wax content, and was rich in light components, with low asphaltic and gum content, resulting in low viscosity and yield stress. Additionally, the study investigated the effects of thermal treatment on the crude oil and its influencing factors, finding that the pour point of thermally sensitive crude oil could be reduced by up to 14℃. Using correlation analysis, the key influencing factors for changes in the pour point of thermally sensitive crude oil were determined to be the difference between the thermal treatment temperature and the wax precipitation point. A predictive model for the pour point of thermally sensitive crude oil after thermal treatment was established, with the average absolute temperature deviation between the model's predicted values and experimental measurements being 1.84℃. This model provided a theoretical basis for optimizing the thermal treatment parameters of crude oil in the Changqing Oilfield, and offered practical and effective data support for ensuring the safe and efficient operation of surface gathering pipelines.

Key words: waxy crude oil, freezing point, rheological properties, heat treatment temperature, wax precipitation properties

中图分类号:

TE832

刘海军, 田静茹, 王毅杰, 侯军刚, 张镇雄, 李敬. 长庆含蜡原油油品特性及热处理改性效果[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(S1): 134-143.

LIU Haijun, TIAN Jingru, WANG Yijie, HOU Jungang, ZHANG Zhenxiong, LI Jing. Characteristics of Changqing wax-containing crude oil and the effects of heat treatment modification[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(S1): 134-143.

图/表 15

参考文献 29

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油样	凝点/℃	密度/kg·m^-3	析蜡点/℃	析蜡高峰/℃	含蜡量（质量分数）/%
1^#	15	844.8	35.26	16.56	13.56
2^#	10	857.1	19.25	17.26	10.36
3^#	8	897.0	28.63	17.19	12.94
4^#	10	846.9	20.86	18.77	11.51
5^#	15	835.0	30.52	17.86	13.64
6^#	14	843.8	32.61	15.49	12.26
7^#	24	829.0	33.84	17.82	13.55
8^#	23	837.4	39.53	19.15	14.28

油样	凝点/℃	密度/kg·m^-3	析蜡点/℃	析蜡高峰/℃	含蜡量（质量分数）/%
1^#	15	844.8	35.26	16.56	13.56
2^#	10	857.1	19.25	17.26	10.36
3^#	8	897.0	28.63	17.19	12.94
4^#	10	846.9	20.86	18.77	11.51
5^#	15	835.0	30.52	17.86	13.64
6^#	14	843.8	32.61	15.49	12.26
7^#	24	829.0	33.84	17.82	13.55
8^#	23	837.4	39.53	19.15	14.28

油样	质量分数/%
油样	沥青质	胶质	饱和烃	芳香烃
1^#	2.29	9.18	55.71	13.47
2^#	1.37	8.03	46.73	14.02
3^#	2.18	8.16	52.43	14.14
4^#	1.10	7.28	53.00	11.46
5^#	0.52	4.67	59.30	10.57
6^#	1.04	5.95	52.42	11.59
7^#	1.34	3.11	50.13	9.11
8^#	0.85	4.56	53.59	9.23

油样	质量分数/%
油样	沥青质	胶质	饱和烃	芳香烃
1^#	2.29	9.18	55.71	13.47
2^#	1.37	8.03	46.73	14.02
3^#	2.18	8.16	52.43	14.14
4^#	1.10	7.28	53.00	11.46
5^#	0.52	4.67	59.30	10.57
6^#	1.04	5.95	52.42	11.59
7^#	1.34	3.11	50.13	9.11
8^#	0.85	4.56	53.59	9.23

油样	屈服应力/Pa
油样	凝点	凝点以下2℃	凝点以下4℃	凝点以下6℃	凝点以下8℃
1^#	5.5	6.6	19.5	90.0	153.1
2^#	7.6	9.4	12.3	15.8	20.4
3^#	12.0	26.7	36.2	49.5	59.3
4^#	9.4	13.3	14.5	26.4	37.3
5^#	20.5	66.3	78.1	112.0	179.0
6^#	10.9	21.9	52.3	127.0	151.0
7^#	7.4	8.8	10.0	13.2	14.6
8^#	9.2	17.2	34.2	44.0	56.2

长庆含蜡原油油品特性及热处理改性效果

Characteristics of Changqing wax-containing crude oil and the effects of heat treatment modification

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图/表 15

参考文献 29

相关文章 10

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油样	凝点/℃
油样	30℃热处理	40℃热处理	50℃热处理	60℃热处理	70℃热处理
1^#	21	21	15	15	15
2^#	16	18	10	8	8
3^#	22	19	8	8	8
4^#	17	20	10	8	8
5^#	15	15	15	14	14
6^#	14	14	14	14	14
7^#	23	23	24	24	23
8^#	22	23	23	23	22

油样	质量分数/%					凝点降幅/℃
油样	<C₁₆	C₁₆~C₂₅	C₂₆~C₃₀	C₃₁~C₃₃	C₃₄~C₃₇	凝点降幅/℃
1^#	33.67	49.23	13.81	2.94	0.35	6
2^#	33.24	50.91	12.86	2.86	0.13	10
3^#	26.45	55.00	15.06	3.48	0.00	14
4^#	33.44	49.41	13.69	3.13	0.34	12
5^#	33.43	48.83	13.67	3.34	0.72	1
6^#	37.71	44.46	13.14	3.92	0.77	0
7^#	33.28	46.49	15.30	3.82	1.09	1
8^#	33.65	45.31	15.44	4.43	1.17	1

参数		<C₁₆	C₁₆~C₂₅	C₂₆~C₃₀	C₃₁~C₃₃	C₃₄~C₃₇	凝点降幅
<C₁₆	皮尔逊相关性	1
<C₁₆	显著性（双尾）	—
C₁₆~C₂₅	皮尔逊相关性	-0.864**	1
C₁₆~C₂₅	显著性（双尾）	0.006	—
C₂₆~C₃₀	皮尔逊相关性	-0.483	-0.014	1
C₂₆~C₃₀	显著性（双尾）	0.225	0.973	—
C₃₁~C₃₃	皮尔逊相关性	0.176	-0.609	0.632	1
C₃₁~C₃₃	显著性（双尾）	0.676	0.109	0.093	—
C₃₄~C₃₇	皮尔逊相关性	0.525	-0.864**	0.440	0.787*	1
C₃₄~C₃₇	显著性（双尾）	0.182	0.006	0.275	0.020	—
凝点降幅	皮尔逊相关性	-0.683	0.867**	-0.114	-0.606	-0.884**	1
凝点降幅	显著性（双尾）	0.062	0.005	0.789	0.111	0.004	—

项目		热处理温度	析蜡点	\|热处理温度-析蜡点\|	含蜡量	凝点
热处理温度	皮尔逊相关性	1
热处理温度	显著性（双尾）	—
析蜡点	皮尔逊相关性	0.219	1
析蜡点	显著性（双尾）	0.115	—
\|热处理温度-析蜡点\|	皮尔逊相关性	0.777**	-0.361**	1
\|热处理温度-析蜡点\|	显著性（双尾）	0.000	0.008	—
含蜡量	皮尔逊相关性	0.079	0.435**	-0.220	1
含蜡量	显著性（双尾）	0.576	0.001	0.114	—
凝点	皮尔逊相关性	-0.594**	0.318*	-0.821**	0.170	1
凝点	显著性（双尾）	0.000	0.020	0.000	0.222	—

参数	估算	标准错误	95%置信区间
参数	估算	标准错误	下限	上限
a	16.625	7.497	1.461	31.789
b	-0.023	0.003	-0.029	-0.017
c	0.141	0.183	-0.229	0.512

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油样	低温下黏度/mPa·s
油样	30℃热处理	40℃热处理	50℃热处理	60℃热处理	70℃热处理
1^#	661.4	562.4	203.6	193.4	183.8
2^#	471.2	535.5	132.1	75.3	59.6
3^#	1878.1	1736.5	103.3	114.3	109.4
4^#	335.7	420.6	56.1	32.0	27.4
5^#	227.8	216.4	205.6	195.4	189.7
6^#	240.5	233.1	224.3	212.1	201.6
7^#	96.3	91.5	86.9	82.6	78.5
8^#	112.5	109.3	106.2	103.2	100.3

油样	低温下黏度/mPa·s
油样	30℃热处理	40℃热处理	50℃热处理	60℃热处理	70℃热处理
1^#	661.4	562.4	203.6	193.4	183.8
2^#	471.2	535.5	132.1	75.3	59.6
3^#	1878.1	1736.5	103.3	114.3	109.4
4^#	335.7	420.6	56.1	32.0	27.4
5^#	227.8	216.4	205.6	195.4	189.7
6^#	240.5	233.1	224.3	212.1	201.6
7^#	96.3	91.5	86.9	82.6	78.5
8^#	112.5	109.3	106.2	103.2	100.3

油样	最优热处理凝点处屈服应力/Pa
油样	30℃热处理	40℃热处理	50℃热处理	60℃热处理	70℃热处理
1^#	104.50	91.80	5.52	4.46	4.12
2^#	89.56	102.00	9.44	6.66	5.32
3^#	93.06	73.47	12.00	10.76	9.97
4^#	43.60	66.02	13.30	9.83	8.23
5^#	45.73	44.55	43.40	31.89	29.77
6^#	11.28	12.81	10.90	9.41	8.41
7^#	3.05	4.98	8.21	8.10	6.75
8^#	10.85	15.76	13.16	12.15	8.37

油样	最优热处理凝点处屈服应力/Pa
油样	30℃热处理	40℃热处理	50℃热处理	60℃热处理	70℃热处理
1^#	104.50	91.80	5.52	4.46	4.12
2^#	89.56	102.00	9.44	6.66	5.32
3^#	93.06	73.47	12.00	10.76	9.97
4^#	43.60	66.02	13.30	9.83	8.23
5^#	45.73	44.55	43.40	31.89	29.77
6^#	11.28	12.81	10.90	9.41	8.41
7^#	3.05	4.98	8.21	8.10	6.75
8^#	10.85	15.76	13.16	12.15	8.37