激光构建超疏水表面的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0429

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

超疏水表面在诸多领域有广泛的应用前景，现已发展出多种制备方法。激光加工技术作为一种绿色、高效的非接触式加工方法，在超疏水表面的制备上具有独特的优势。本文首先以表面润湿理论为基础，简述了激光加工表面的特点及图案类型，从激光一步制备、激光与化学修饰结合制备及激光与其他技术复合制备超疏水表面三方面概述了近年来对不同材料超疏水表面的激光构建方法，分析了不同制备方式存在的优缺点；随后介绍了激光加工构建不同材料超疏水表面在防冰、集雾等领域的应用进展，对拓展不同材料的应用及使用性能的提升具有一定启发意义；最后，指出了现阶段激光加工构建超疏水表面存在的一些问题，激光对表面的影响、润湿理论、大规模应用及表面修复机制等方面的研究还有待深入探索，为制备出稳定、耐久的超疏水表面提供了更多可能性。

关键词: 激光加工, 超疏水表面, 润湿理论, 表面处理

Abstract:

Superhydrophobic surfaces have a wide range of applications in numerous fields and various preparation methods have been developed. As a green and efficient non-contact processing method, laser processing technology has unique advantages in preparing superhydrophobic surfaces. Based on the theory of surface wetting, this review outlined the characteristics and pattern types of laser-treated surfaces. It provided an overview of laser construction methods for superhydrophobic surfaces on various materials including laser one-step preparation, laser combined with chemical modification and laser combined with other technologies. The strengths and weaknesses of the different production methods were analyzed. Subsequently, the progress of laser technology to construct superhydrophobic surfaces of various materials in the anti-icing and fog collection was introduced. It was inspiring to expand the application and enhance the performance of materials. Finally, some problems of constructing superhydrophobic surfaces with laser processing at the present stage were pointed out. The studies on the effect of laser on the surface, wetting theory, large-scale application and surface repair mechanism still needed to be further explored to provide more possibilities for fabricating stable and durable superhydrophobic surfaces.

Key words: laser processing, superhydrophobic surfaces, wetting theory, surface treatment

中图分类号:

TN249

李杰, 王宇科, 石文天, 郭云杰, 陆彦宁, 付硕, 路祎祎. 激光构建超疏水表面的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(3): 1432-1444.

LI Jie, WANG Yuke, SHI Wentian, GUO Yunjie, LU Yanning, FU Shuo, LU Yiyi. Research progress in constructing superhydrophobic surfaces by laser processing[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(3): 1432-1444.

图/表 13

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激光刻蚀类型	表面结构特点	形成过程	表面疏水特点
点	凹坑阵列	激光以单个点逐行扫描	各向同性
线	凹槽阵列	激光以线条逐行扫描	各向异性
网格	横纵凹槽阵列	激光以线条在横纵方向逐行扫描	各向同性
激光诱导周期性表面（LIPSS）	多尺度周期性条纹结构	激光束与表面等离子体之间的干涉	多尺度周期结构增强疏水性

激光刻蚀类型	表面结构特点	形成过程	表面疏水特点
点	凹坑阵列	激光以单个点逐行扫描	各向同性
线	凹槽阵列	激光以线条逐行扫描	各向异性
网格	横纵凹槽阵列	激光以线条在横纵方向逐行扫描	各向同性
激光诱导周期性表面（LIPSS）	多尺度周期性条纹结构	激光束与表面等离子体之间的干涉	多尺度周期结构增强疏水性

材料	激光波长/nm	频率 /kHz	脉冲时间/s	扫描速度 /mm·s^-1	功率 /W	水接触角 /(°)	参考文献
PTFE	1064	20	—	—	3	165.34	[31]
PDMS	248	10	2.5×10^-8	0.05	—	156	[33]
橡胶	800	1	1×10^-13	2	—	153.6	[35]
铜	335	30	2×10^-8	200	—	161	[37]

材料	激光波长/nm	频率 /kHz	脉冲时间/s	扫描速度 /mm·s^-1	功率 /W	水接触角 /(°)	参考文献
PTFE	1064	20	—	—	3	165.34	[31]
PDMS	248	10	2.5×10^-8	0.05	—	156	[33]
橡胶	800	1	1×10^-13	2	—	153.6	[35]
铜	335	30	2×10^-8	200	—	161	[37]

材料	激光波长/nm	频率/kHz	脉冲时间/s	扫描速度/mm·s^–1	功率/W	化学试剂	水接触角/(°)	参考文献
铜	1064	20	5×10^-8	500	16	1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-全氟癸基三氯硅烷	156.4	[39]
65Mn	—	20	2×10^-8~10×10^-8	200~400	30	硬脂酸	154.19	[45]
氧化锆	1030	50	2.62×10^-13	10~50	—	硬脂酸	163.9	[46]
镍	1040	100	3.88×10^-13	80	1.6	氟硅烷	156.8	[47]
不锈钢	1064	50~200	1×10^-7	20~50	1~20	硬脂酸	153.9	[48]
铝	1060	20	5×10^-8	100	10	1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷	155.8	[49]