微藻固定燃煤电厂烟气CO2的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-0425

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在“双碳”目标背景下，碳捕捉、利用及封存（carbon capture, utilization and storage, CCUS）是燃煤电厂实现烟气脱碳的最理想策略。在CCUS技术中，微藻固碳是极具潜力的CO₂利用方式。微藻不仅生长速率快而且可以将CO₂转化为高附加值的微藻产/制品。然而，由于光能和CO₂利用率低，微藻固碳目前的经济可行性还达不到商业化要求，仍需进一步研究。基于国内外的相关研究，本文首先剖析了微藻悬浮液中烟气溶解、转化、被利用的过程以及光衰减现象；讨论了CO₂、光质及其强度等因素对微藻生长和固碳性能的影响。其次，从选育高固碳能力藻种、增强CO₂传质和优化光供给策略三方面综述了提高微藻CO₂固定效率和光合效率的方法；扼要地阐明了其中原理，以期为后续研究提供思路。最后，展望了微藻生物质的利用方向，为微藻固碳在实现我国“双碳”目标过程中的应用提供了参考。

关键词: 微藻固碳, 烟气脱碳, CO₂利用, 光衰减, 燃煤电厂烟气

Abstract:

In the context of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) is the most ideal strategy to achieve flue gas decarbonization in coal-fired power plants. As for CCUS technologies, microalgae-based carbon sequestration is a promising CO₂ utilization method. Microalgae grow fast and convert CO₂ into high value-added microalgal products/bioproducts. However, due to the low utilization of light energy and CO₂, the current economic feasibility of microalgae-based carbon sequestration has not met the requirements of commercialization, and further research is still needed. Based on the relevant research at home and abroad, this review firstly illustrates the process of dissolution, transformation and utilization of flue gas in microalgae suspension and the phenomenon of light attenuation. Meanwhile, the effects of CO₂, light quality and intensity on the growth and carbon sequestration performance of microalgae are discussed. Secondly, the methods to improve CO₂ fixation efficiency and photosynthetic efficiency of microalgae are reviewed from three aspects: breeding algal species with high carbon fixation capacity, enhancing CO₂ mass transfer and optimizing light supply strategies. The principle is briefly elucidated to provide constructive ideas for the follow-up research. Finally, the utilization direction of microalgal biomass is prospected to provide essential reference for the application of microalgae-based carbon sequestration in the process of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in China.

Key words: microalgae-based carbon sequestration, flue gas decarbonization, CO₂ utilization, light attenuation, coal-fired power plant gas

中图分类号:

朱世钰, 何勇锦, 王明兹, 陈必链. 微藻固定燃煤电厂烟气CO₂的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(3): 1666-1682.

ZHU Shiyu, HE Yongjin, WANG Mingzi, CHEN Bilian. Research progress on microalgae to fix CO₂ in flue gas from coal-fired power plants[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(3): 1666-1682.

图/表 8

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烟气种类	CO₂体积分数/%	CO体积分数/%	O₂体积分数/%	NO _x/μg·g^-1	SO _x/μg·g^-1	灰分/μg·g^-1	参考文献
未预处理的燃煤电厂烟气	10~12	—	—	680	1700	265	[16]
预处理后的燃煤电厂烟气	10~14	—	—	120	50	—	[17]
预处理后的燃煤电厂烟气	10	0.544	8.33	61	30	—	[18]
预处理后的燃煤电厂烟气	13	—	—	20	32	—	[19]
水泥厂烟气	8~11	0.0886	18~20	22~184	9~20.5	—	[20]
钢铁公司烟气	22~26	<0.1	3.0~6.0	25~30	15~20	1.0~10.0	[21]
供暖公司烟气	3~6	1.36	10~12	21.72	—	—	[22]
便携式发电机烟气	4~5	0.9~1.23	—	12~50	12~60	—	[23]

烟气种类	CO₂体积分数/%	CO体积分数/%	O₂体积分数/%	NO _x/μg·g^-1	SO _x/μg·g^-1	灰分/μg·g^-1	参考文献
未预处理的燃煤电厂烟气	10~12	—	—	680	1700	265	[16]
预处理后的燃煤电厂烟气	10~14	—	—	120	50	—	[17]
预处理后的燃煤电厂烟气	10	0.544	8.33	61	30	—	[18]
预处理后的燃煤电厂烟气	13	—	—	20	32	—	[19]
水泥厂烟气	8~11	0.0886	18~20	22~184	9~20.5	—	[20]
钢铁公司烟气	22~26	<0.1	3.0~6.0	25~30	15~20	1.0~10.0	[21]
供暖公司烟气	3~6	1.36	10~12	21.72	—	—	[22]
便携式发电机烟气	4~5	0.9~1.23	—	12~50	12~60	—	[23]

藻种	PBRs 工作容积/L	曝气速率 /m³·(m³·min)^-1	最适CO₂ 质量分数/%	温度/℃	光照强度 /µmol·m^-2·s^-1	光周期	生物量生产力 /g·L^-1·d^-1	CO₂固定率 /g·L^-1·d^-1	参考文献
Spirulina sp. LAMB220	0.65	0.154	10	28	56~63	12∶12	0.261	0.461	[44]
Spirulina platensis LAMB172	0.65	0.154	10	28	56~63	12∶12	0.265	0.458	[44]
Chlorella sp.	0.5	0.006	25	27	200		0.221	0.280	[46]
Scenedesmus sp.	0.5	0.006	25	27	200		0.281	0.390	[46]
Chlorella sorokiniana GS03	2.5	0.13	10	28	120	12∶12	0.220		[47]
Chlorella sp. NM01	2.5	0.13	15	28	120	12∶12	0.110
Heynigia riparia SX01	2.5	0.13	15	28	120	12∶12	0.270
Desmodesmus communis GS05	2.5	0.13	10	28	120	12∶12	0.160
Nannochloropsis oculata NCTU-3	0.8	0.25	2	26	300		0.160		[48]
Scenedesmus obliquus CNW-N	1		10	28	60	24∶0	0.293	0.550	[49]
Scenedesmus obliquus SA1	0.25		13.8	25	70	14∶10	0.131		[50]
Anabaena sp. CH1	5	0.04	10	32~36	250	24∶0	0.418	1.01	[51]
Acutodesmus obliquus	0.8	0.5	20	26	70	24∶0	0.111		[52]

藻种	PBRs 工作容积/L	曝气速率 /m³·(m³·min)^-1	最适CO₂ 质量分数/%	温度/℃	光照强度 /µmol·m^-2·s^-1	光周期	生物量生产力 /g·L^-1·d^-1	CO₂固定率 /g·L^-1·d^-1	参考文献
Spirulina sp. LAMB220	0.65	0.154	10	28	56~63	12∶12	0.261	0.461	[44]
Spirulina platensis LAMB172	0.65	0.154	10	28	56~63	12∶12	0.265	0.458	[44]
Chlorella sp.	0.5	0.006	25	27	200		0.221	0.280	[46]
Scenedesmus sp.	0.5	0.006	25	27	200		0.281	0.390	[46]
Chlorella sorokiniana GS03	2.5	0.13	10	28	120	12∶12	0.220		[47]
Chlorella sp. NM01	2.5	0.13	15	28	120	12∶12	0.110
Heynigia riparia SX01	2.5	0.13	15	28	120	12∶12	0.270
Desmodesmus communis GS05	2.5	0.13	10	28	120	12∶12	0.160
Nannochloropsis oculata NCTU-3	0.8	0.25	2	26	300		0.160		[48]
Scenedesmus obliquus CNW-N	1		10	28	60	24∶0	0.293	0.550	[49]
Scenedesmus obliquus SA1	0.25		13.8	25	70	14∶10	0.131		[50]
Anabaena sp. CH1	5	0.04	10	32~36	250	24∶0	0.418	1.01	[51]
Acutodesmus obliquus	0.8	0.5	20	26	70	24∶0	0.111		[52]

[1]	韩伟, 韩恒文, 程薇, 汤玮健. 碳中和目标驱动下生物质燃料技术研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(5): 2463-2474.
[2]	白丽菊, 侯博, 江波, 陈思铭. 化学吸收剂强化微藻固碳研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(S2): 106-114.
[3]	陈智杰1，姜泽毅1，2，张欣欣1，3，张欣茹1. 微藻培养光生物反应器内传递现象的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2012, 31(07): 1407-1413.

微藻固定燃煤电厂烟气CO₂的研究进展

Research progress on microalgae to fix CO₂ in flue gas from coal-fired power plants

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