垃圾焚烧发电耦合电转气制备合成天然气工艺集成与优化

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-2272

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

垃圾焚烧发电耦合电转气技术制备合成天然气工艺可同时实现温室气体减排和大规模储能。由于垃圾发电效率低和甲烷化反应热利用效率不高，此工艺能效偏低。为了提升工艺能效，本文采用Aspen Plus软件对垃圾焚烧发电耦合电转气制备合成天然气过程进行了全流程模拟，基于能量平衡分析，提出了一种利用甲烷化反应热优化垃圾焚烧发电过程的工艺集成方法。针对这个优化过程，设计了一套由一级绝热固定床反应器和一级低温流化床反应器串联组成的甲烷化工艺。借助绝热固定床反应器出口高温气体提升主蒸汽参数、优化蒸汽循环过程，可将发电效率从22.05%提升至31.72%。流化床反应器低温操作有利于提升合成天然气品质，其内置换热管束作为补充蒸发受热面。此外，还考察了垃圾焚烧炉烟气再循环方式对整体工艺的影响，结果表明采用烟气干循环工艺时能效较高。以上结果对于提升工艺经济性和竞争力具有一定指导意义。

关键词: 垃圾焚烧发电, 电转气, 甲烷化, 发电效率

Abstract:

Production of SNG from a waste incineration power plant-power to gas hybrid system can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and storage renewable energy on a massive scale. However, an optimization of this process is still needed due to the low efficiencies of waste incineration power plants and poor waste heat utilization. In this paper, an integrated process was modeled by using Aspen Plus software. Based on energy balance analysis, an innovative way was proposed to improve the efficiency of a waste incineration power plant by recovering the methanation reaction heat. A two-stage methanation process was designed where an adiabatic fixed bed reactor and a low-temperature fluidized bed reactor connected in series. Energy recovered from the hot gas flow at the outlet of the fixed bed reactor was used to improve steam parameters and optimize the steam cycle, and the power generation efficiency was increased from 22.05% to 31.72%. The low-temperature fluidized bed reactor ensured the quality of synthetic natural gas. Moreover, the type of flue gas recirculation in the waste oxy-combustion process had an impact on the overall process efficiency. And the energy conversion efficiency was higher with dry flue gas recirculation. The above results have some guidance for improving process economy and competitiveness.

Key words: waste incineration power plant, power to gas, methanation, power generation efficiency

中图分类号:

TQ519

张玉黎, 叶茂, 肖睿, 葛立超. 垃圾焚烧发电耦合电转气制备合成天然气工艺集成与优化[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(3): 1677-1688.

ZHANG Yuli, YE Mao, XIAO Rui, GE Lichao. Integration and optimization of a waste incineration power plant-power to gas hybrid system for SNG production[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(3): 1677-1688.

图/表 17

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参数	数值
入炉垃圾量/t·d^-1	500
过量空气系数	1.7
一次风温度/℃	220
二次风温度/℃	160
排烟温度（省煤器出口）/℃	190
C燃尽率^［24］/%	96.0
给水温度/℃	130
汽轮机排气压力/MPa	0.007
凝汽器压力/MPa	0.005
主蒸汽压力/MPa	4.0
主蒸汽温度/℃	400
风机效率/%	80.0
泵效率/%	80.0
汽轮机效率/%	80.0
发电机效率/%	99.0
机械效率/%	99.0

参数	数值
入炉垃圾量/t·d^-1	500
过量空气系数	1.7
一次风温度/℃	220
二次风温度/℃	160
排烟温度（省煤器出口）/℃	190
C燃尽率^［24］/%	96.0
给水温度/℃	130
汽轮机排气压力/MPa	0.007
凝汽器压力/MPa	0.005
主蒸汽压力/MPa	4.0
主蒸汽温度/℃	400
风机效率/%	80.0
泵效率/%	80.0
汽轮机效率/%	80.0
发电机效率/%	99.0
机械效率/%	99.0

参数	数值
水分/%	46.50
灰分/%	20.00
固定碳/%	8.00
挥发分/%	25.50
C/%	20.23
H/%	2.88
O/%	9.48
N/%	0.47
S/%	0.02
Cl/%	0.42
收到基低位热值/kJ·kg^-1	7000

参数	数值
水分/%	46.50
灰分/%	20.00
固定碳/%	8.00
挥发分/%	25.50
C/%	20.23
H/%	2.88
O/%	9.48
N/%	0.47
S/%	0.02
Cl/%	0.42
收到基低位热值/kJ·kg^-1	7000

序号	名称	流量/kg·s^-1	压力/MPa	温度/℃	序号	名称	流量/kg·s^-1	压力/MPa	温度/℃
1	垃圾进料	5.79	0.101	25	A4	过热器进口（5^#，汽侧）	13.43	4.500	257
2	一次风进料	20.51	0.101	25	A5	空预器进口（2^#，汽侧）	0.58	4.500	257
3	一次风机出口	20.51	0.120	43	A6	过热器出口（5^#，汽侧）	13.43	4.000	400
4	空预器出口（1^#，风侧）	20.51	0.113	170	A7	汽轮机进口	13.43	3.900	395
5	空预器出口（2^#，风侧）	20.51	0.106	220	A8	一次抽汽	1.42	1.300	271
6	二次风进料	8.55	0.101	25	A8-1	空预器进口（1^#，汽侧）	1.03	1.300	271
7	二次风机出口	8.55	0.120	43	A8-2	空预器进口（3^#，汽侧）	0.39	1.300	271
8	空预器出口（3^#，风侧）	8.55	0.106	160	A9	二次抽汽	1.58	0.470	176
9	炉膛出口烟气	33.64	0.100	1050	A10	三次抽汽	0.35	0.030	69
10	氨水	0.07	0.110	25	A11	汽轮机排汽	10.09	0.007	39
11	脱硝后烟气	33.71	0.100	1045	A12	凝汽器出口	10.43	0.005	33
12	省煤器出口（6^#，烟侧）	33.71	0.096	190	A13	凝结水泵出口	10.43	0.470	33
13	烟气冷却器出口	33.71	0.096	150	A14	低加出口（凝结水侧）	10.43	0.370	50
14	NaHCO₃	0.15	0.110	25	A15	低加出口（汽侧）	0.35	0.003	69
15	脱硫后烟气	33.73	0.094	150	A16	除氧器出口	14.01	0.270	130
A1	给水	14.01	5.000	130	A17	空预器出口（1^#，汽侧）	1.03	1.100	86
A2	省煤器出口（6^#，水侧）	14.01	4.500	257	A18	空预器出口（2^#，汽侧）	0.58	4.300	224
A3	蒸发面出口（4^#，汽侧）	14.01	4.500	257	A19	空预器出口（3^#，汽侧）	0.39	1.100	77