再生铝合金中含Fe杂质的控制技术现状

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0653

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以废杂铝为原料生产再生铝，可减少铝土矿消耗，避免电解铝生产过程的高能耗和高排放。由于来源复杂、预处理难度高，废杂铝中不可避免地会混入大量铁杂质。含铁杂质会形成α-Fe、β-Fe、δ-Fe和π-Fe富铁金属间化合物，会显著减低再生铝合金的力学、抗腐蚀性能，恶化铸造性能，导致再生铝产品降级使用。本文综述了铝合金中含铁杂质去除技术的研究现状，主要包括离心法、电磁法、过滤法、熔剂法、变质元素法、超声波处理、热处理法等，并展望了未来除铁技术的的发展趋势。文章提出未来重点应在晶体生长、凝固理论基础上引入集成计算方法，探索铝合金中铁元素的传质、扩散、富集、偏析、迁移规律，这对富铁相控制有很强的指导意义；开发除铁率高、绿色环保的新型除铁熔剂，以提高熔剂吸附Fe杂质的能力、与Fe杂质反应的动力学进程、与铝熔体反应的均匀性和稳定性。

关键词: 再生铝合金, 铁杂质, 除铁, 富铁金属间化合物

Abstract:

Using waste aluminum as raw material to produce recycled aluminum can reduce bauxite consumption and avoid high energy consumption and high emission in electrolytic aluminum production process. Due to the complex source and high pretreatment difficulty, a large amount of iron impurities are inevitably mixed in waste aluminum. Iron-containing impurities will form iron-rich intermetallic compounds of α-Fe, β-Fe, δ-Fe and π-Fe, which will significantly reduce the mechanical and corrosion resistance of recycled aluminum alloy, deteriorate castability, and lead to the degradation of recycled aluminum products. In this paper, the research status of iron-containing impurity removal technologies in aluminum alloys was reviewed. These technologies mainly included centrifugal method, electromagnetic method, filtration method, flux method, metamorphic element method, ultrasonic treatment, heat treatment and so on. The development trend of iron removal technologies in the future was prospected. In the future, the integrated calculation method should be introduced on the basis of crystal growth and solidification theory to explore the mass transfer, diffusion, enrichment, segregation and migration of iron in aluminum alloy, which had a strong guiding significance for the control of iron-rich phase. A new type of flux with high iron removal rate and green environmental protection was developed to improve the ability of flux to adsorb Fe impurities, the kinetic process of reaction with Fe impurities, and the uniformity and stability of reaction with aluminum melt.

Key words: recycled aluminum alloy, iron impurity, iron removal, iron-rich intermetallic compounds

中图分类号:

TG146.2

何学峰, 刘波, 张深根. 再生铝合金中含Fe杂质的控制技术现状[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(10): 5251-5269.

HE Xuefeng, LIU Bo, ZHANG Shengen. Current status of control technology of Fe impurity in recycled aluminum alloy[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(10): 5251-5269.

图/表 5

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