温度对厌氧耗氢产甲烷的影响研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0352

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

化石燃料燃烧过程中大量排放的CO₂引起了人们对CO₂生物甲烷化的关注。厌氧有机物生物降解过程中，与CO₂生物甲烷化相关的主要是厌氧耗氢产甲烷菌。近年来，研究者们关注温度对厌氧耗氢产甲烷过程的影响，对推动厌氧耗氢产甲烷工艺的发展有着重要的意义。本文从厌氧耗氢产甲烷技术原理出发，介绍了厌氧生物降解过程中耗氢产甲烷菌的重要作用，归纳了32种仅利用H₂和CO₂产CH₄的专性耗氢产甲烷菌，展示了氢气可以来源于化石燃料、生物质、水的分解和工业气体，综述了不同温度范围下厌氧耗氢产甲烷的效能，总结了不同温度变化方式对厌氧耗氢产甲烷的影响，并从氢气来源和温度变化等方面提出了展望。

关键词: 厌氧生物降解, 耗氢产甲烷, 氢气来源, 温度变化, 氢气利用率

Abstract:

The massive emission of CO₂ during the combustion of fossil fuels has attracted researchers' attention about the biological methanation of CO₂. In the process of anaerobic organic matter biodegradation, the flora associated with the biological methanation of CO₂ are mainly anaerobic hydrogenotrophic methanogens. Researchers have focused on the effect of temperature on the process of anaerobic hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, which is important to promote the development of anaerobic hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis. In this paper, we introduced the important roles of hydrogenotrophic methanogens in anaerobic biodegradation processes, and summarized 32 obligate hydrogenotrophic methanogens that utilize only H₂ and CO₂ for CH₄ production. We also showed that hydrogen can be derived from the decomposition of fossil fuels, biomass, water, and industrial gases. Then, the efficacy of anaerobic hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis at different temperature ranges were reviewed, and the effects of different temperature change ways on anaerobic hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis were presented. Finally, an outlook was put forward from the aspects of hydrogen sources and temperature change.

Key words: anaerobic biodegradation, hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, source of hydrogen, temperature change, hydrogen utilization rate

中图分类号:

X701.7

陈露蕊, 曹利锋. 温度对厌氧耗氢产甲烷的影响研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(S1): 326-333.

CHEN Lurui, CAO Lifeng. Effect of temperature on anaerobic hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis and microbial community: a review[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(S1): 326-333.

图/表 6

图1 四阶段厌氧有机碳生物降解过程示意图

表1 厌氧耗氢产甲烷菌菌群特征及代表菌属[9-10]

分类	形态学	属名	最适温度/℃
甲烷微菌目	短杆、不规则球状	Methanoculleus hydrogenitrophicus	37
		Methanoregula boonei	35~37
		Methanolacinia paynteri	40
		Methanocella conradii	50~55
甲烷球菌目	不规则球状	Methanococcus maripaludis	85
		Methanocaldococcus vulcanius	80
		Methanocaldococcus villosus	80
		Methanocaldococcus jannaschii	85
		Methanocaldococcus infernus	85
		Methanocaldococcus indicus	85
		Methanocaldococcus fervens	85
甲烷杆菌目	杆状为主	Methanobacterium movens	35~38
		Methanobacterium bryantii	37
		Methanothermobacter tenebrarum	70
		Methanothermobacter marburgensis	65
		Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus	65~70
		Methanothermobacter wolfeii	55~65
		Methanobrevibacter wolinii	37
		Methanobrevibacter thaueri	37
		Methanobrevibacter oralis	35~37
		Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii	37
		Methanobrevibacter filiformis	30
		Methanobrevibacter curvatus	30
		Methanobrevibacter arboriphilus	30~37
		Methanobrevibacter acididurans	35
		Methanobacterium petrolearium	35
		Methanobacterium ferruginis	40
		Methanobacterium espanolae	35
		Methanobacterium congolense	37~42
		Methanobacterium aarhusense	45
		Methanobacterium thermoalcaliphilum	58~62
甲烷火菌目	杆状	Methanopyrus kandleri	98

图2 氢气来源示意图[18-20]

表2 不同制氢方法和所需的能源资源和原料[18-20]

工艺	能源资源	原料
生物质热解	内部产生的蒸汽	木本生物质
生物质气化	内部产生的蒸汽	木本生物质
直接生物光解	太阳能	水+藻类
间接生物光解	太阳能	水+藻类
暗发酵	—	有机生物质
光发酵	太阳能	有机生物质
太阳能光伏电解	太阳能	水
太阳热电解	太阳能	水
风电解	风能	水
核电解	核能	水
核热分解	核能	水
太阳能热解	太阳能	水
光电解	太阳能	水

表 3 不同温度范围下不同反应器耗氢产甲烷的效能

温度		反应器形式	pH	最大甲烷产量 /L·Lr^-1·d^-1	氢气利用率/%	参考文献
低温	15℃	EGSB	7	2.6^①	nd	［31］
中温	35℃	CSTR	8.20^①	0.17	92.70	［33］
	37℃	BTF	6.80-7.00	1.6	99	［41］
	35℃	FB	nd	1.79±0.20	nd	［34］
	37℃	IBBR	nd	1.10~2	93	［35］
	30℃	MB	7.00~7.50	nd	98.10	［36］
	37℃	MB	6.50~7.50	0.77	nd	［42］
高温	52℃	CSTR	8.30^①	nd	60^①	［43］
	55℃	CSTR	8.10^①	2.9	49^①	［44］
	55℃	CSTR	8.50^①	0.36	92.10	［33］
	55℃	CSTR	nd	5.30±1.40	nd	［37］
	55℃	CSTR+Upflow	6.70	0.55	nd	［38］
	52℃	BCR	8.30~8.80	nd	100	［43］
	54℃	BTF	8.12~8.63	1.74±0.01	91.20~99.90	［39］
	62℃	CSTR	7.50~9.90	7.64	nd	［45］
超高温	70℃	CSTR	7.5 ± 0.1	nd	nd	［40］

表4 温度变化对厌氧耗氢产甲烷途径的影响

温度变化方式	温度变化范围	厌氧产甲烷情况	反应器形式	发表时间/年	参考文献
升温	55℃→65℃	厌氧耗氢产甲烷作用增强	CSTR	1994，2001	［46-47］
升温	37℃→55℃	由厌氧耗乙酸产甲烷向耗氢产甲烷转变	CSTR	2015	［48］
升温	55℃→70℃	超高温时厌氧耗氢产甲烷古菌群落更单一	CSTR	2018	［40］
升温	37℃→55℃	厌氧耗氢产甲烷逐渐成为主导	CSTR	2019	［50］
降温	15℃→4℃	厌氧耗氢产甲烷逐渐成为主导	—	2009	［51］
降温	37℃→17℃	厌氧耗氢产甲烷逐渐成为主导	CSTR	2014	［52］
降温	37℃→15℃	厌氧耗氢产甲烷逐渐成为主导	EGSB	2015	［30］
降温	37℃→25℃→15℃	厌氧耗氢产甲烷逐渐成为主导	EGSB	2012	［53］
升、降温	10℃ $?$ 30℃	厌氧耗氢产甲烷数量减少	—	1999	［54］
升、降温	35℃ $?$ 55℃	温度升高时耗氢产甲烷作用增强	—	2013	［55］

表4 温度变化对厌氧耗氢产甲烷途径的影响

温度变化方式	温度变化范围	厌氧产甲烷情况	反应器形式	发表时间/年	参考文献
升温	55℃→65℃	厌氧耗氢产甲烷作用增强	CSTR	1994，2001	［46-47］
升温	37℃→55℃	由厌氧耗乙酸产甲烷向耗氢产甲烷转变	CSTR	2015	［48］
升温	55℃→70℃	超高温时厌氧耗氢产甲烷古菌群落更单一	CSTR	2018	［40］
升温	37℃→55℃	厌氧耗氢产甲烷逐渐成为主导	CSTR	2019	［50］
降温	15℃→4℃	厌氧耗氢产甲烷逐渐成为主导	—	2009	［51］
降温	37℃→17℃	厌氧耗氢产甲烷逐渐成为主导	CSTR	2014	［52］
降温	37℃→15℃	厌氧耗氢产甲烷逐渐成为主导	EGSB	2015	［30］
降温	37℃→25℃→15℃	厌氧耗氢产甲烷逐渐成为主导	EGSB	2012	［53］
升、降温	10℃ $?$ 30℃	厌氧耗氢产甲烷数量减少	—	1999	［54］
升、降温	35℃ $?$ 55℃	温度升高时耗氢产甲烷作用增强	—	2013	［55］

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