化工进展 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 3380-3388.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-1295

• 材料科学与技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

支化与交联型聚氨酯弹性体的合成与性能分析

党海春1(), 刘占洲1, 雷春兴1, 许召赞2(), 李振中1   

  1. 1.太原工业学院材料工程系,山西 太原 030008
    2.山西大学资源与环境工程研究所,山西 太原 030006
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-09 修回日期:2020-09-15 出版日期:2021-06-06 发布日期:2021-06-22
  • 通讯作者: 许召赞
  • 作者简介:党海春(1987—),女,博士,副教授,研究方向为高分子合成。E-mail:dhccitrus2011@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    山西省应用基础研究计划-青年科技研究基金(201901D211456);山西省高校科技创新基金(2019L0927);山西省“1331工程”重点学科和协同创新中心建设计划

Preparation and properties of branched polyurethane elastomer via bulk prepolymerization

DANG Haichun1(), LIU Zhanzhou1, LEI Chunxing1, XU Zhaozan2(), LI Zhenzhong1   

  1. 1.Department of Materials Engineering, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan 030008, Shanxi, China
    2.Institute of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2020-07-09 Revised:2020-09-15 Online:2021-06-06 Published:2021-06-22
  • Contact: XU Zhaozan

摘要:

为提高聚氨酯弹性体力学性能和耐热性,本文以聚己二酸二乙二醇酯二醇、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和 1,4-丁二醇为原料,以聚氧化丙烯三醇(PPG-3)或丙三醇为支化单体,并通过调控其添加量(1%、3%和5%,相对于PDGA-2000的摩尔分数),采用本体预聚物法合成支化或交联型聚氨酯弹性体。与线型聚氨酯相比,支化聚氨酯具有较高机械强度和耐热性。添加3% PPG-3所制备支化聚氨酯的拉伸强度提高170%(33.9MPa),撕裂强度提高36%(90.7MPa),维卡软化点温度为95.1℃;然而,5%的丙三醇引发交联结构的形成,交联型聚氨酯的拉伸强度提高154%(31.8MPa),撕裂强度提高26%(84.4MPa),维卡软化点温度为150.6℃。此外,PPG-3和丙三醇发挥聚氨酯软段和硬段相容剂的作用,抑制微相分离,使聚氨酯弹性体的橡胶平台增大。动态流变行为测试结果表明,支化和交联型聚氨酯弹性体具有更高的弹性模量和复数黏度。

关键词: 支化聚氨酯, 交联型聚氨酯, 弹性体, 机械性能, 耐热性

Abstract:

To improve the mechanical properties and thermal-deformation stability of polyurethane elastomer, the branched or crosslinked polyurethanes were synthesized by bulk prepolymerization from polydiethylene glycol adipate, two phenyl methane diisocyanate and 1,4-butanediol with the different additive amounts of branched monomers, i.e., poly-propylene glycerol (PPG-3) or glycerol. All the branched polyurethanes showed better mechanical properties and thermal-deformation stability than the linear polyurethane. Compared with the linear polyurethane, the tensile strength of the branched polyurethane containing 3% PPG-3 was increased by 170% (33.9MPa), the tear strength was increased by 36% (90.7 MPa), and the Vicat softening temperature was raised to 95.1 ℃. When the content of glycerin was 5%, the crosslinked polyurethane was obtained. Its tensile strength increased by 154% (31.8MPa), tear strength enhanced by 26% (84.4MPa) and Vicat softening temperature increased up to 150.6℃. Moreover, the microphase separation of polyurethane between hard and soft segments was decreased because the structure of PPG-3 or glycerol played a role of compatilizer. The elasticity modulus and complex viscosity of branched polyurethane elastomer and crosslinked polyurethane elastomer were higher than those of the linear polyurethane elastomer.

Key words: branched polyurethane, crosslinked polyurethane, elastomer, mechanical properties, heat resistance

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