Abstract: Global transcription machinery engineering is an important technical method to reprogram gene transcription to obtain new cell phenotypes. Through DNA recombination, error-prone PCR and other techniques, multiple rounds of mutation modification of transcription elements in cells are carried out to change the conversion efficiency of RNA polymerase and the affinity for promoters. They change the transcription of cells on the whole genomic level, thereby evolving a cell phenotype that meets actual needs. Global transcription machinery engineering can not only rapidly optimize metabolic pathways and increase the yield of target compounds, but also improve stress tolerances. These advantages have been successfully applied to the construction of microbial cell factories for various compounds production. In this article, we mainly review the research progress of using global transcription machinery engineering to improve compound yields and strain tolerance, and clarifies its application prospects.

Key words: global transcription machinery engineering, metabolic engineering, directed evolution, toleration

摘要： 全局转录调控是一种通过重新编程基因转录来获得新的细胞表型的重要技术方法。通过DNA重组、易错PCR等技术对细胞中的转录元件进行多轮突变修饰，改变RNA聚合酶的转录效率以及对启动子的亲和能力，在整体水平上使细胞的转录水平发生改变，从而获得更加契合实际需求的细胞表型。全局转录调控技术不仅可以快速优化代谢途径、提高目标化合物的产量，亦可提高菌株耐受性。在代谢工程领域具有独特的优势，并已被成功应用于不同化合物的细胞工厂构建中。本文主要介绍利用全局转录调控技术提高化合物产量和菌株耐受性的研究进展，展示全局转录技术广阔的应用前景。

关键词: 全局转录调控工程, 代谢工程, 定向进化, 耐受性