Abstract:

Ferrocene and its derivatives are good burning rate catalysts for composite solid propellant. The combustion performance of composite solid propellant can be controlled by adding a small amount of ferrocene derivatives. However, ferrocene-based catalysts with simple structure and small molecular weight have the disadvantages of easy migration and volatility, which seriously affect the storage life, service reliability and environmental adaptability of propellant charges. Therefore, the design and synthesis of ferrocene-based catalysts with low migration, low volatility and high catalytic efficiency have become the key points in this field. In this paper, the synthesis methods of new ferrocene-based burning rate catalysts, and their anti-migration, anti-volatility and catalytic performance reported in recent years are introduced. The existing problems are pointed out, and the future research direction in this field is prospected. The synthesis of ferrocene compounds with low molecular weight is relatively simple, and its catalytic performance is excellent, but migration and volatilization still exists. On the other hand, ferrocene polymer has large molecular weight, which can completely avoid the migration problem, but its catalytic efficiency is low, and the synthesis process is complex. Among these new burning rate catalysts, energetic ionic ferrocene-based compounds have low migration volatility and good thermal stability, and are easy to synthesize and modify. Moreover, their high nitrogen content is conducive to improve the energy level of propellant, so they have broad application prospects.

Key words: composite solid propellant, burning rate catalyst, ferrocene derivatives, anti-migration and anti-volatility, catalysis

摘要：

二茂铁及其衍生物是一类性能良好的复合固体推进剂燃速催化剂，较少的添加量便可调控推进剂的燃烧性能。然而结构简单、分子量小的二茂铁类燃速催化剂存在易迁移和易挥发等缺点，严重影响了推进剂装药的贮存寿命、使用可靠性及环境适应性。因此设计和合成具有低迁移、低挥发和高催化效率的二茂铁类燃速催化剂便成为这一领域研究的关键点。本文介绍了近年来已报道的新型二茂铁类燃速催化剂的合成方法、抗迁移挥发性和催化性能，指出了其存在的问题，并对该领域今后的研究方向进行了展望。低分子量的二茂铁化合物合成相对简单，催化性能优异，但迁移挥发趋势依然存在；二茂铁聚合物分子量大，能彻底解决二茂铁的迁移问题，但催化效率较低，合成工艺复杂。在这些新型燃速催化剂中，含能离子型二茂铁化合物迁移挥发性低、易于合成修饰、热稳定性好且高含氮量，有利于提高推进剂的能量水平，具有广阔的应用前景。

关键词: 复合固体推进剂, 燃速催化剂, 二茂铁衍生物, 抗迁移挥发性, 催化作用