Performance and mechanism of immobilized biological adsorbent for Cd(Ⅱ) removal

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-1258

Abstract

Abstract:

The microorganisms extracted from the substrate of constructed wetlands for treating Cd(Ⅱ) wastewater were screened through heavy metal concentration gradients. The analysis result of PCR technology showed that the screened bacteria had better tolerance and adsorption capacity for Cd(Ⅱ). The abundance of bacteria was Lactococcus<Stenotrophomonas<Serratia< Pseudomona. The screened bacteria were used to prepare the immobilized biosorbent by embedding and immobilization technology. The maximum removal efficiency of Cd(Ⅱ) could reach 91%±2% when pH, adsorption time, adsorbent dosage (wet weight), and initial concentration of Cd(Ⅱ) were 4—5, 48h, 50g/L, and 100mg/L, respectively. It was found that the adsorption process was in accordance with the quasi-first-order kinetic model and Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity of Cd(Ⅱ) was 34.4mg/g. The BET analysis results showed that the immobilized biosorbent had a mesoporous structure and large specific surface area, which was conducive to the adsorption. The results of FTIR-ATR analysis showed that the immobilized biosorbent had abundant heavy metal binding sites, and —COOH, —OH, —NH, and —CH groups participated in the adsorption process of Cd(Ⅱ). The immobilized biosorbent could be reused for three times and maintain a good adsorption effect, which had a high economical practicability. The order of competitive adsorption of of common cations in water environment with Cd(Ⅱ) was Na⁺ <K⁺ <Ca²⁺.

Key words: heavy metal, immobilization, adsorbent, microorganism, bioremediation

摘要：

从处理含Cd(Ⅱ)废水的人工湿地基质层中提取微生物，经过重金属浓度梯度筛选后，通过聚合酶链式反应（PCR）技术分析发现筛选后的菌群对Cd(Ⅱ)有较好的耐受性和吸附能力，菌种丰度依次为Lactococcus< Stenotrophomonas< Serratia< Pseudomona。将筛选后的微生物用包埋固定化技术制成固定化生物吸附剂，在pH=4~5、吸附时间48h、吸附剂用量（湿重）50g/L、Cd(Ⅱ)初始浓度100mg/L时，对Cd(Ⅱ)的最大去除率可达91%±2%。通过吸附平衡研究发现吸附过程符合准一级动力学模型和Langmuir模型，对Cd(Ⅱ)的最大单分子层吸附量为34.4mg/g。BET分析结果显示，固定化生物吸附剂具有介孔结构且比表面积大，有利于吸附作用的进行；傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱法（FTIR-ATR）分析结果说明固定化生物吸附剂具有丰富的重金属结合点位，—COOH、—OH、—NH和—CH基团参与了Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附过程。固定化生物吸附剂重复使用3次能保持较好的吸附效果，显示出较高的经济实用性。水环境中常见阳离子对Cd(Ⅱ)竞争吸附影响顺序依次为Na⁺<K⁺<Ca²⁺。

关键词: 重金属, 固定化, 吸附剂, 微生物, 生物修复

CLC Number:

X703.1

YU Guanlong, PENG Haiyuan, WANG Shitao, WANG Guoliang, CHEN Hong, DU Chunyan, LIU Yuanyuan, SUN Shiquan, YU Li’e, WANG Jianwu. Performance and mechanism of immobilized biological adsorbent for Cd( $Ⅱ$ ) removal[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(5): 2882-2892.

余关龙, 彭海渊, 王世涛, 汪国梁, 陈宏, 杜春艳, 刘媛媛, 孙士权, 禹丽娥, 王建武. 固定化生物吸附剂对Cd(Ⅱ)的去除性能及机理[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(5): 2882-2892.

Figures/Tables 17

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测序区域	引物名称	引物序列
338F 806R	338F	ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG
	806R	GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT

测序区域	引物名称	引物序列
338F 806R	338F	ACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG
	806R	GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT

培养液	亚细胞结构
培养液	细胞外膜	细胞壁	细胞内膜	细胞质
24.8	22.6	18.0	32.0	2.58

培养液	亚细胞结构
培养液	细胞外膜	细胞壁	细胞内膜	细胞质
24.8	22.6	18.0	32.0	2.58

初始浓度 /mg·L^-1	准一级动力学		准二级动力学
初始浓度 /mg·L^-1	K₁	R²	K₂	R²
50	0.0073	0.9380	0.0152	0.9922
100	0.0068	0.9223	0.0151	0.9995
150	0.0060	0.9451	0.0078	0.9997