Abstract: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)，as common raw materials of commodities，can be inevitably released into the aquatic environment through various ways，such as synthesis，manufacturing and AgNPs products applications. AgNPs has been found in natural water bodies and wastewater treatment plants. The mitigation and transformation of AgNPs in the aquatic environment could result in the change of its valence and species. This paper focused on the physical，chemical and biological aspects and summarized the key factors affecting AgNPs behaviors，including pH，ionic strength，and electrolyte. Toxicity mechanisms of AgNPs were also analyzed. The relationship between the toxicity mechanism and their fate in the environment was established. The problems need to be solved include establishing the AgNPs concentration database in realistic waters，analyzing the fate and behavior of AgNPs in actual environment，and research on the toxicity mechanism of AgNPs. This paper is aiming at providing theoretical foundation to predict concentrations，behaviors and risks of AgNPs in the environment.

Key words: silver nanoparticles, source, transformation, aquatic environment, toxicity

摘要： 纳米银已成为日用产品中广泛使用的原材料，不可避免地将通过各种途径进入水体环境中，主要是在纳米银合成加工环节以及使用含纳米银的产品中，其将对环境构成潜在威胁。目前已在自然水体与污水处理厂中检测出纳米银，其进入水体环境后将发生迁移转化，导致其价态与种类的变化。本文将从物理作用、化学作用以及与生物大分子作用3个方面进行分析，并总结了主要的影响因素：pH值、离子强度以及电解质种类，进而阐述了纳米银毒性产生机理：一是溶解出的银离子，二是纳米银颗粒本身，并分析了迁移转化行为对毒性的影响。最后列出了目前急需解决的问题：一是建立具体水体中纳米银浓度的数据库；二是分析纳米银在实际环境中迁移转化行为；三是需要对纳米银的致毒机理进行深入研究。本综述旨在为预测纳米银在水体环境中的浓度、环境行为及其环境风险奠定了相关的理论基础。

关键词: 纳米银, 来源, 迁移转化, 水体环境, 毒性