Abstract: Forward osmosis (FO) technology has received wide attention because of its low energy consumption，contamination resistance and other advantages，and has achieved rapid development in recent years. This paper introduces the influence factors and concentration polarization during the FO process. Internal concentration polarization is an important factor affecting penetration efficiency of FO technology，and preparation of suitable membrane material is the key technology to improve internal concentration polarization .The development of forward osmosis separation technology at home and abroad is also presented. Different materials and structures of forward osmosis membranes have been prepared successfully after years of hard work and research. The latest research progress of the membrane materials in FO field is presented. Application of many forward osmosis membrane materials is restrained by technical difficulties，which should be resolved in the future to shorten the gap between theory and practice，and achieve innovative results in the practical application of membrane materials.

Key words: composites, permeability, forward osmosis, membrane materials, concentration polarization, membranes

摘要： 正渗透技术因其低能耗、耐污染等优势受到国际和国内众多学者的关注，尤其近几年来，取得了迅速发展。本文对正渗透过程中的影响因素以及浓差极化现象作了简要分析，结果表明，内浓差极化是影响正渗透技术效率低下的重要因素，而制备适当的膜材料是有效改善内浓差极化的关键技术。回顾了正渗透分离技术在国内外的发展历程，通过不懈的探索和研发，先后成功制备得到不同材料和结构的正渗透膜。重点讲述膜材料在正渗透领域所取得的最新研究进展，最后指出众多正渗透膜材料由于条件限制难以推广应用，希望在未来的研究过程中突破这项技术难题，缩短科研理论与实际应用之间的差距，在膜材料的实际应用方面取得创新性成果。

关键词: 复合材料, 渗透率, 正渗透, 膜材料, 浓差极化, 膜