Research progress in integrative bio-technologies for nitrogen removal

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2015.10.037

Abstract

Abstract: Ammonia nitrogen pollution is one of the major factors that cause the eutrophication of water bodies. For this reason, it has become a hot issue in the field of environmental engineering. A series of efficient bio-technologies had been developed for removing nitrogen from ammonia-containing wastewaters. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) process, single reactor for high activity ammonia removal over nitrite (SHARON) process, and completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process are typical integrative biological nitrogen removal processes. In this review, principles, characteristics, performance and applications of the three typical processes are analyzed respectively to provide references for the further development of these technologies. The integrative bio- technologies for nitrogen removal possess the advantages of shorter process cycle, simpler operation, less land requirement and lower cost. At present, the autotrophic integrative nitrogen removal processes based on ammonia oxidizing bacteria and anammox bacteria have become the research frontier, and the further research should be focused on cultivating high-quality species and the optimization of reactor.

Key words: integrative bio-technologies for nitrogen removal, SND process, SHARON process, CANON process

摘要： 废水氨氮污染已成为环境领域的热点问题。针对废水氨氮污染,国际上研发了一批高效废水生物脱氮技术。本文将3种典型工艺——同步硝化-反硝化(SND)工艺、短程硝化-反硝化(SHARON)工艺、基于亚硝氮的全自养脱氮(CANON)工艺归类并命名为一体化生物脱氮技术,分别对其原理、特征、效能和应用进行了分析评述,以期为该技术的深度研发提供参考。总结了与传统脱氮技术相比,一体化生物脱氮技术具有工艺流程短、系统操作易、占地面积小、运行费用低等优势。其中以氨氧化菌和厌氧氨氧化菌等自养型微生物作为脱氮功能菌的一体化自养型生物脱氮工艺的研发将成为一体化生物脱氮技术的研究前沿,一体化自养型生物脱氮工艺的研发将集中于优质菌种的培育和反应器的优化。

关键词: 一体化生物脱氮, 同步硝化-反硝化工艺, 短程硝化-反硝化工艺, 全自养脱氮工艺

CLC Number:

X701

ZHANG Zonghe, ZHENG Ping, LI Wei, ZHANG Meng. Research progress in integrative bio-technologies for nitrogen removal[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progree, 2015, 34(10): 3762-3768.

张宗和, 郑平, 厉巍, 张萌. 一体化生物脱氮技术研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2015, 34(10): 3762-3768.

References

[1] 中华人民共和国环境保护部. 中国环境状况公报[R]. 2014-06-04.

[2] Bertanza G. Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification processes in extended aeration:Pilot and real scale experiences[J]. Water Science and Technology,1997,35(6):53-61.

[3] Evelyn Walters,Andrea Hille,Mei He,et al. Simultaneous nitrification/denitrification in a biofilm airlift suspension (BAS) reactor with biodegradable carrier material[J]. Water Research,2009,43(18):4461-4468.

[4] 曹文娟,徐祖信,王晟. 生物膜中同步硝化反硝化的研究进展[J]. 水处理技术,2012,38(1):1-5.

[5] Phan H V,Hai F I,Kang J G,et al. Simultaneous nitrification/denitrification and trace organic contaminant (TrOC) removal by an anoxic-aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR)[J]. Bioresource Technology,2014,165:96-104.

[6] 刘春,年永嘉,张静,等. 微气泡曝气生物膜反应器同步硝化反硝化研究[J]. 环境科学,2014,35(6):2230-2235.

[7] 郑平,徐向阳,胡宝兰. 新型生物脱氮理论与技术[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2004:115-147.

[8] Mulder J W,van Kempen R. N-removal by Sharon[J]. Water Quality International,1997(2):30-31.

[9] Hellinga C,Schellen AAJC,Mulder J W,et al. The Sharon-process:An innovative method for nitrogen removal from ammonium rich wastewater[J]. Water Science and Technology,1998,37(9):135-142.

[10] Shalini SS,Joseph K. Nitrogen management in landfill leachate:Application of SHARON,ANAMMOX and combined SHARON-ANAMMOX process[J]. Waste Management,2012,32:2385-2400.

[11] Milia S,Cappai G,Perra M,et al.Biological treatment of nitrogen-rich refinery wastewater by partial nitritation (SHARON) process[J]. Environmental Technology,2012,33(13):1477-1483.

[12] Sliekers A O,Derwort N,Gomez J L C,et al.Completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite in one single reactor[J]. Water Research,2002,36(10):2475-2482.

[13] Sliekers A O,Third K,Abma M,et al. CANON and Anammox in a gas-lift reactor[J]. FEMS Microbiology Letters,2003,218:339-344.

[14] 张红陶,郑平. Canon工艺研究进展[J]. 工业水处理,2013,33(8):1-5.

[15] Xiao P Y,Cai Q,Zhang D J,et al. Characteristics of nitrogen removal and nitrous oxide production in CANON process[J]. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology,2014,89(4):552-558.

[16] Zhang X J,Li D,Liang Y H,et al.Application of membrane bioreactor for completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process[J]. Chemosphere,2013,93(11):2832-2838.

[17] Zhang X J,Li D,Liang Y H,et al.Performance and microbial community of completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process in two membrane bioreactors (MBR) fed with different substrate levels[J]. Bioresource Technology,2014,152:185-191.

[18] 杨麒,李小明,曾光明,等. 同步硝化反硝化机理的研究进展[J]. 微生物学通报,2003,30(4):88-91.

[19] Robertson LA,Van Neil E W J,Torremans R A M,et al.Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in aerobic chemostat cultures of thiosphaera pantotropha[J]. Applied Environmental Microbiology,1988,54(1):2812-2818.

[20] Kulkarni P. Nitrophenol removal by simultaneous nitrification denitrification (SND) using T. pantotropha in sequencing batch reactors (SBR)[J]. Bioresource Technology,2013,128:273-280.

[21] Zhao H W,Mavinic D S,Oldham W K,et al. Controlling factors for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in a two-stage intermittent aeration process treating domestic sewage[J]. Water Research,1999,33(4):961-970.

[22] 庄严,陈立伟,夏涛,等. 医药化工废水同步硝化反硝化的研究及工程应用[J]. 安徽农业科学,2008,36(23):10170 -10172.

[23] 李久义,吴念鹏,刘滢,等. 高浓度氨氮废水同步硝化反硝化性能研究[J]. 环境工程学报,2007,1(1):68-73.

[24] 赵冰怡,陈英文,沈树宝. C/N比和曝气量影响MBR同步硝化反硝化的研究[J]. 环境工程学报,2009,3(3):400-404.

[25] 张永祥,姚伟涛,肖社明,等. MBBR系统同步硝化反硝化生物脱氮特性研究[J]. 黑龙江大学自然科学学报,2010,27(1):105-110.

[26] 程飞,孙根行,郭昌梓,等. Carrousel氧化沟同步硝化反硝化的影响因素研究[J]. 安徽农业科学,2011,39(12):7381-7384.

[27] 叶建锋. 废水生物脱氮处理新技术[M]. 北京:化学工业出版社,2006:27-85.

[28] 柴同志,谢小龙,乔新明. DO对同步硝化反硝化的影响[J]. 绿色科技,2014,1:141-145.

[29] 马志华,李德豪,周如金,等. 侧沟式一体化OCO工艺中DO和C/N对同步硝化反硝化的影响[J]. 环境工程学报,2012,6(5):1513-1517.

[30] 张可方,杜馨,张朝升,等. DO C/N对同步硝化反硝化影响的试验研究[J]. 环境科学与技术,2007,30(6):3-5.

[31] 张兰河,刘洪雷,张海丰,等. 温度对序批式生物反应器工艺同步硝化反硝化的影响[J]. 化学工程,2011,39(4):7-16.

[32] 李绍峰,崔崇威,黄君礼,等. DO和HRT对MBR同步硝化反硝化影响[J]. 哈尔滨工业大学学报,2007,39(6):887-890.

[33] 马放,李平,张晓琦,等. SBR反应器同步硝化反硝化影响因素及其特性[J]. 哈尔滨工业大学学报,2011,43(8):55-60.

[34] 高大文,彭永臻,王淑莹. 高氮豆制品废水的亚硝酸型同步硝化反硝化脱氮工艺[J]. 化工学报,2005,56( 4):699- 704.

[35] 冯辉,徐海津. 味精废水好氧同步硝化反硝化的试验研究[J]. 中国给水排水,2008,24(15):51-53.

[36] 张静蓉,王淑莹,尚会来,等. 污水短程硝化反硝化和同步硝化反硝化生物脱氮中N₂O释放量及控制策略[J]. 环境科学,2009,30(12):3624-3629.

[37] 宫曼丽,刘洋,赵欣,等. 新型短程硝化反硝化工艺处理高浓度氨氮废水[J]. 中国给水排水,2013,29(11):1-5.

[38] 张立秋,韦朝海,张可方,等. 常温下SBBR反应器中短程同步硝化反硝化的实现[J]. 工业用水与废水,2008,39(4):1-5.

[39] 邱立平,马军. 曝气生物滤池的短程硝化反硝化机理研究[J]. 中国给水排水,2008,18(11):1-4.

[40] USA EPA. Nitrogen Control[R]. Pennsylvania,USA:Technomic Publishing Company,Inc. Lancaster,1991.

[41] van Kempen R,Mulder J W,Uijterlinde C A,et al. Overview:Full scale experience of the SHARON process for treatment of rejection water of digested sludge dewatering. N-removal by Sharon[J]. Water Science and Technology,2001,44(1):145-152.

[42] Garrido J M,van Benthum W A J,van Loosdrecht M C M,et al. Influence of dissolved oxygen concentration on nitrite accumulation in a biofilm airlift suspension reactor[J]. Biotechnology and Bioengineering,1997,53:168-178.

[43] Pollice A,Tandoi V,Lestingi C. Influence of aeration and sludge retention time on ammonium oxidation to nitrite and nitrate.[J]. Water Research,2002,36:2541-2546.

[44] Laanbroek H J,Gerards S. Competition for limiting amounts of oxygen between Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrobacter winogradskyi grown in mixed continuous cultures.[J]. Archives of Microbiology,1993,159(5):453-459.

[45] Lotti T,van der Star W,Kleerebezem R,et al. The effect of nitriteinhibition on the anammox process[J]. Water Research,2012,46(8):2559-2569

[46] Strous M,Kuenen J G,Jetten M. Key physiology of anaerobic ammonium oxidation[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1999,65(7):3248-3250.

[47] Vazquez-Padin J R,Pozo M J,Jarpa M,et al.Treatment of anaerobic sludge digester effluents by the CANON process in an air pulsing SBR[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,166(1):336-341.

[48] Gong Z,Liu S,Yang F,et al. Characterization of functional microbial community in a membrane-aerated biofilm reactor operated for completely autotrophic nitrogen removal[J]. Bioresource Technology,2008,99:2749-2756.

[49] Sunja Cho,Naoki Fujii,Taeho Lee,et al.Development of a simultaneous partial nitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation process in a single reactor[J]. Bioresource Technology,2011,102:652-659.

[50] 孟了,陈永,陈石. CANON工艺处理垃圾渗滤液中的高浓度氨氮[J]. 给水排水,2005,25(2):222-225.

[51] Ahn Y H,Choi H C. Autotrophic nitrogen removal from sludge digester liquids in upflow sludge bed reactor with external aeretion[J]. Process Biochemistry,2006,41(9):1945-1950.

[52] 左早荣,付昆明,仇付国,等. CANON工艺的研究现状及面临困难分析[J]. 水处理技术,2013,39(9):15-19.

[53] Joss A,Salzgeber D,Eugster J,et al. Full-scale nitrogen removal from digester liquid with partial nitritation and anammox in one SBR[J]. Environmental Science & Technology,2009,43(14):5301-5306.

[54] Abma W R,Driessen W,Haarhuis R,et al. Upgrading of sewage treatment plant by sustainable and cost-effective separate treatment of industrial wastewater[J]. Water Science and Technology,2010,61(7):1715-1722.

[55] Abma W R,Schultz C,Mulder J. The advance of anammox[J]. Water 21,2007:36-37.

[56] Schmid M,Walsh K,Webb R,et al. Candidatus Scalindua brodae,sp nov.,candidatus Scalindua wagneri,sp nov.,two new species of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria[J]. Systematic and Applied Microbiology,2003,26(4):529-538.

[57] Pynaert K,Smets B F,Beheydt D,et al.Start-up of autotrophic nitrogen removal reactors via sequential biocatalyst addition[J]. Environmental Science & Technology,2004,38(4):1228-1235.

[58] Gaul T,Filipov E,Schlosser N,et al.Balancing of nitrogen conversion in deammonifying biofilms through batch tests and GC/MS[J]. Water Science and Technology,2002,46(4-5):157-162.