Progress in preparation and flame retardant application of nano magnesium hydroxide

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-1298

Abstract

Abstract:

Nano magnesium hydroxide has a wide application prospect in the flame retardant of polymer materials such as plastics and rubber due to its advantages of green and high efficiency. With the deepening of research, preparation methods such as precipitation method, hydrothermal/solvothermal method and microwave-assisted method have dominated the preparation of nano magnesium hydroxide. In this paper, these three mainstream preparation methods were introduced from the aspects of morphology and particle size control of nano magnesium hydroxide. The mechanism of action in some preparation processes was explored. The advantages and disadvantages of each preparation method were described, and then the preparation methods were compared and summarized. Secondly, the problems and solutions of nano magnesium hydroxide in the application field were discussed, and its application in the field of flame retardant of various polymer materials was summarized. The flame retardant mechanism of nano magnesium hydroxide was explored from many angles by combining theory with examples. Finally, the opportunities and challenges encountered in the preparation methods and applications of nano magnesium hydroxide were prospected, hoping to provide useful inspiration and reference for further research on nano magnesium hydroxide.

Key words: magnesium hydroxide, nanomaterials, preparation, composites, flame retardant

摘要：

纳米氢氧化镁因其绿色、高效等优势在塑料、橡胶等高分子材料的阻燃方面有广泛的应用前景。随着研究的深入，沉淀法、水热/溶剂热法和微波辅助法等制备方法已在纳米氢氧化镁的制备中占据主导。本文首先从纳米氢氧化镁形貌与粒径的控制方面介绍了这3种主流制备方法，对部分制备过程中的作用机理进行了探究，对每种制备方法的优劣进行了阐述，进而对制备方法进行对比总结。其次讨论了纳米氢氧化镁在应用领域存在的问题及解决办法，概述了其在多种高分子材料阻燃领域的应用，并以理论结合实例从多个角度探究了纳米氢氧化镁的阻燃机理。最后对目前纳米氢氧化镁制备方法和应用方面遇到的机遇和挑战进行了展望，希望能为纳米氢氧化镁的进一步深入研究提供有益的启发和参考。

关键词: 氢氧化镁, 纳米材料, 制备, 复合材料, 阻燃剂

CLC Number:

TQ132.2

SHEN Chunyu, LI Cuili, TANG Jianwei, LIU Yong, LIU Pengfei, DING Junxiang, SHEN Bo, WANG Baoming. Progress in preparation and flame retardant application of nano magnesium hydroxide[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(9): 4980-4995.

申纯宇, 李翠利, 汤建伟, 刘咏, 刘鹏飞, 丁俊祥, 申博, 王保明. 纳米氢氧化镁制备及其阻燃应用进展[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(9): 4980-4995.

Figures/Tables 16

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镁源	溶剂	添加剂	温度/℃	时间/h	形貌	颗粒尺寸/nm	参考文献
MgCl₂	NaOH、H₂O	—	60	24	花椰菜状	300	[17]
MgCl₂	NH₃·H₂O	—	60	24	片状	302×26	[17]
Mg(NO₃)₂	NH₃·H₂O	—	25	24	片状	351×10	[17]
MgSO₄	NH₃·H₂O	—	25	24	片状	250×15	[17]
MgCl₂	NaOH、H₂O	—	60	1	片状	30~150（正向沉淀法） 20~50（反向沉淀法） 10~70（双向沉淀法） 30~50（超重力沉淀法）	[18]
MgSO₄	NaOH、H₂O	硬脂酸镁（MgSA）、五水硫酸铜	50	4.5	棒状	150×12	[19]
MgCl₂	NaOH、H₂O	NaCl	60~100	50~200min	球状	6~30μm	[15]
Mg(NO₃)₂	NaOH、H₂O	海藻提取物	—	4	片状	7.75×16.29	[20]
MgCl₂	NH₃·H₂O、无水乙醇	聚乙二醇（PEG400）	50	3	—	—	[16]
MgSO₄	NaOH、H₂O	PEG200、PEG8000、PEG20000	80	—	不规则状	28~79	[21]
MgCl₂	NH₃·H₂O	PEG1000	60	1.5	管状	管径6~34、长度63~200	[22]
MgCl₂	NaOH、H₂O	PEG4000、CaCl₂、NaCl、KCl	20	1	片状	19.22×10	[23]

镁源	溶剂	添加剂	温度/℃	时间/h	形貌	颗粒尺寸/nm	参考文献
MgCl₂	NaOH、H₂O	—	60	24	花椰菜状	300	[17]
MgCl₂	NH₃·H₂O	—	60	24	片状	302×26	[17]
Mg(NO₃)₂	NH₃·H₂O	—	25	24	片状	351×10	[17]
MgSO₄	NH₃·H₂O	—	25	24	片状	250×15	[17]
MgCl₂	NaOH、H₂O	—	60	1	片状	30~150（正向沉淀法） 20~50（反向沉淀法） 10~70（双向沉淀法） 30~50（超重力沉淀法）	[18]
MgSO₄	NaOH、H₂O	硬脂酸镁（MgSA）、五水硫酸铜	50	4.5	棒状	150×12	[19]
MgCl₂	NaOH、H₂O	NaCl	60~100	50~200min	球状	6~30μm	[15]
Mg(NO₃)₂	NaOH、H₂O	海藻提取物	—	4	片状	7.75×16.29	[20]
MgCl₂	NH₃·H₂O、无水乙醇	聚乙二醇（PEG400）	50	3	—	—	[16]
MgSO₄	NaOH、H₂O	PEG200、PEG8000、PEG20000	80	—	不规则状	28~79	[21]
MgCl₂	NH₃·H₂O	PEG1000	60	1.5	管状	管径6~34、长度63~200	[22]
MgCl₂	NaOH、H₂O	PEG4000、CaCl₂、NaCl、KCl	20	1	片状	19.22×10	[23]

镁源	溶剂	添加剂	温度/℃	时间/h	形貌	颗粒尺寸/nm	参考文献
Mg	H₂O	EDA	180	20	棒状	200×20	[26]
Mg₁₀(OH)₁₈Cl₂·5H₂O纳米线	H₂O	EDA	180	6	管状	外径80~150、壁厚30~50、长度5~10μm	[27]
MgCl₂	NaOH、H₂O	CTAB	180	18	片状	60~100	[13]
		PEG500			板状	80~90
		明胶			球状	30~45
		油酸			圆盘状	90
MgCl₂	NH₃·H₂O	MEA、柠檬酸	180	6	片状	246	[28]
Mg(NO₃)₂	N₂H₄·H₂O	—	150	24	片状	—	[29]
Mg(NO₃)₂·6H₂O	N₂H₄·H₂O	—	180	12	片状	150~260	[24]
MgCl₂	NaOH、H₂O	PVP	200	8	片状	134（微波）	[30]
局部高镁镍渣（HMNS）	NaOH、H₂O	—	200	24	片状	189×13	[31]

镁源	溶剂	添加剂	温度/℃	时间/h	形貌	颗粒尺寸/nm	参考文献
Mg	H₂O	EDA	180	20	棒状	200×20	[26]
Mg₁₀(OH)₁₈Cl₂·5H₂O纳米线	H₂O	EDA	180	6	管状	外径80~150、壁厚30~50、长度5~10μm	[27]
MgCl₂	NaOH、H₂O	CTAB	180	18	片状	60~100	[13]
		PEG500			板状	80~90
		明胶			球状	30~45
		油酸			圆盘状	90
MgCl₂	NH₃·H₂O	MEA、柠檬酸	180	6	片状	246	[28]
Mg(NO₃)₂	N₂H₄·H₂O	—	150	24	片状	—	[29]
Mg(NO₃)₂·6H₂O	N₂H₄·H₂O	—	180	12	片状	150~260	[24]
MgCl₂	NaOH、H₂O	PVP	200	8	片状	134（微波）	[30]
局部高镁镍渣（HMNS）	NaOH、H₂O	—	200	24	片状	189×13	[31]

镁源	溶剂	添加剂	温度/℃	时间 /min	其他条件	形貌	颗粒尺寸/nm	参考文献
Mg(NO₃)₂	NaOH、H₂O	—	25	5d	半透膜，微波20W、2.45GHz	纤维状	(20~40)×(100~150)	[32]
MgCl₂	NaOH、H₂O	尿素	220	30	微波1000W	片状	厚度95±10、长度几微米	[33]
Mg	H₂O	—	—	—	微波2.45GHz、20kPa	三角形、截断三角形和六边形片状	50、80、70	[34]
Mg	H₂O	—	—	8	微波1000W	颗粒状、片状	43、32	[35]
Mg	NaOH、H₂O	—	25~220	10	微波1000W	片状	250~500	[36]
MgCl₂	H₂O	尿素	25~220	10	微波1000W	玫瑰花团簇状	50μm
Mg(C₂O₂H₄)₂	H₂O	尿素	25~220	10	微波1000W	玫瑰花团簇状	20μm
MgO	H₂O	—	—	6	微波800W、2.45GHz	片状	长度100~300、厚度10~60	[37]
Mg	H₂O	NaCl	20	30	微波1000W、20kHz	片状	长度70~200、厚度20	[39]