Abstract:

Starch is a potential substitute for petroleum-based plastics, but its poor water resistance severely limits the wide application of starch-based packaging materials. In this paper, the characteristics of single modification and composite modification of starch are analyzed in detail, and the research on the preparation of starch-based hydrophobic packaging materials by the combination of starch and hydrophobic materials is introduced. The analysis shows that the research focus of starch hydrophobic modification is to increase the degree of substitution, reduce the production costs and use non-toxic and harmless green solvents. Synergistic modification has become a research hotspot. The key to improve the blending effect is to solve the interface problem of incompatibility between hydrophilic starch and hydrophobic materials. The common methods include modifying starch and hydrophobic materials or adding compatibilizer. However, the cost of synthesizing degradable polyester is relatively high. Looking for low-cost biomass materials to improve the hydrophobicity of starch-based packaging materials has great potential. In a word, this paper proposes that low cost, excellent performance, safety and environmental protection are the main research directions for the development of starch-based hydrophobic packaging materials in the future, which has a certain reference value for the preparation of starch-based hydrophobic packaging materials.

Key words: esterification, nanomaterials, composite materials, starch-based materials, starch modification, hydrophobic modification

摘要：

淀粉作为非常具有潜力的石油基塑料的替代品，其耐水性差严重限制了淀粉基包装材料的广泛应用。本文详细分析了淀粉单一改性和复合改性的特点，并介绍淀粉与疏水材料复合制备淀粉基疏水包装材料的研究情况。文章指出：提高取代度、降低生产成本、采用无毒无害的绿色溶剂是淀粉疏水改性的研究重点，协同增效的淀粉复合改性成为研究热点；解决亲水淀粉与疏水材料不相容相的界面问题是提高疏水材料共混效果的关键，对淀粉、疏水材料改性或添加增容剂是改善界面相互作用的常用方法；但合成可降解聚酯成本较高，寻找低成本的生物质材料用于改善淀粉基包装材料的疏水性潜力巨大。基于上述分析，本文指出低成本、性能优良和安全环保是未来开发淀粉基疏水包装材料的主要研究方向，对今后制备淀粉基疏水性包装材料具有一定的参考价值。

关键词: 酯化, 纳米材料, 复合材料, 淀粉基材料, 淀粉改性, 疏水改性