Abstract:

Heavy organic matter, such as coal, heavy oil and biomass, is abundant in hydrocarbon covalent structures. Its light-hydrocarbon and chemicals-oriented conversions are the main goal of processing and utilization. Pyrolysis is the most direct and fundamental reaction process in processing of heavy organic matters. As an important product during pyrolysis, the distribution and evolution characteristic of volatiles are the key and hot research issues. In this paper, the formation process of volatiles during pyrolysis of heavy organic matter was reviewed, and the staged changes in terms of reaction types and volatile composition with the increase of temperature were summarized. Taking coal, oil sand, oil shale, biomass, oily sludge, municipal sludge and waste rubber as examples, the similarities and differences in pyrolysis volatile generation between different source of heavy organic matters were compared. As to methods for the analysis of volatile matter emission characteristics during pyrolysis, the mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were mainly introduced. Simultaneously, the application of these methods in the study on the organic structure of heavy organic matter, the optimization of pyrolysis operating conditions, the control of pollutant generation and the design of pyrolysis catalyst were illustrated. Moreover, the methods and examples of quantitative evolution gas analysis for pyrolysis process were listed. In the hope of providing references for the pyrolysis research of heavy organic matter, some suggestions were putting forward, especially for the technology development prospects of evolution gas analysis during pyrolysis of heavy organic matter.

Key words: heavy organic matters, pyrolysis, evolution gas analysis, mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy

摘要：

煤、重质油、生物质等重质有机质富含碳氢共价结构，其轻质化和定向化学品转化是加工利用的主要目标。热解是重质有机质加工过程中最直接、最基础的反应过程，挥发物作为重要的热解产物，其组成分布及在热解过程的演变规律解析是研究的关键和热点问题。本文综述了重质有机质热解过程中挥发物的生成过程，总结了反应类型及产物组成随温度升高的阶段性变化，并以煤、油砂、油页岩、生物质、含油污泥、市政污泥以及废橡胶为例，对比了不同种类的重质有机质热解挥发物产出的异同。针对重质有机质挥发物逸出特性分析方法，本文重点介绍了质谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱逸出气体分析技术，举例说明了各方法在重质有机质有机结构解析、热解工艺条件优化、污染物控制、催化剂设计等研究上的应用，并且就现阶段热解过程逸出气体的定量分析方法和应用进行了概述。最后，本文还就重质有机质热解逸出气体分析技术提出了建议和展望，以期为重质有机质的热解研究提供参考和借鉴。

关键词: 重质有机质, 热解, 逸出气体分析, 质谱, 红外光谱