Abstract:

In distillation system, separation of high boiling point and heat sensitive material system has problems of high heating temperature and long heating time, which is easy causing the deterioration of heat-sensitive material, and it has been the difficulty of efficient separation and purification. In this paper, the principle of distillation separation of high boiling heat and heat sensitive material system is summarized, and the process requirements of low operating pressure and short residence time is proposed. The advantages, disadvantages and applications of molecular distillation and vacuum distillation (including vacuum distillation, vacuum fractionation and vacuum batch distillation) in the separation of high boiling point and heat sensitive systems are summarized. It is found that the vacuum degree and separation degree of molecular distillation are higher than vacuum distillation, but the separation efficiency and industrialization degree of molecular distillation are lower than vacuum distillation. Finally, for the separation of high boiling point and heat sensitive systems by distillation, it is still necessary to explore new processes and new equipment to improve separation efficiency and reduce separation energy consumption, so as to facilitate industrial-scale applications.

Key words: high boiling point, heat sensitivity, distillation, molecular distillation, vacuum distillation

摘要：

在精馏系统中，高沸点、热敏性物系分离存在物料受热温度高且时间长的问题，容易引起热敏性物质变质，一直是高效分离与提纯的难点。本文对高沸点热敏性物质精馏分离理论基础进行归纳，提出操作压力低和停留时间短的工艺要求。基于此，总结了分子蒸馏和真空精馏（包括真空蒸馏、真空分馏、真空间歇精馏）在高沸点热敏性物系分离中的优缺点及应用，发现分子蒸馏的真空度和分离程度较真空精馏高，但分离效率和工业化程度比真空精馏低。最后，文章指出，对于采用精馏分离高沸点热敏性体系仍需在新工艺和新设备等方面进行探索，以提高分离效率和降低分离能耗，便于实现工业规模应用。

关键词: 高沸点, 热敏性, 精馏, 分子蒸馏, 真空精馏