Analysis of CO2 emission and countermeasures and suggestions for emission reduction in Chinese manufacturing

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-1848

Abstract

Abstract:

How to achieve the goal of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way and achieving carbon neutrality by 2060 is a necessary question for the future development of manufacturing industry. Pushing energy intensive and highly polluting manufacturing enterprises to "green manufacture" is a key step to achieve the goal of peak carbon dioxide emission and carbon neutrality. The current situation of carbon emission in manufacturing industry from accounting methods, macro indicators, industry distribution and energy structure were summarized and analyzed in this study. And then, the common carbon emission reduction countermeasures and low-carbon technology in key industries of manufacturing industry were introduced. Finally, the relevant commercial applications were listed and the technical development bottlenecks were explained. Common mitigation strategies for manufacturing were source reduction, clean energy using, carbon capture, utilization and storage, and the industrial internet. Low-carbon production technology in the key industries mainly included direct reduction of hydrogen to produce iron and steel, hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methanol, biomass to bio-oil, etc. Iron and steel, chemical industry, building materials, petrochemical and coking, non-ferrous metal smelting as the important parts for manufacture, should contribute to the goal of carbon neutrality by choosing mitigation strategies adapted to their own production processes.

Key words: carbon dioxide, manufacture, global optimization, renewable energy, CO₂ capture

摘要：

如何同时实现全面建设社会主义现代化国家和2060年达到碳中和的目标，是制造业未来发展所面对的必答考题。推动高耗能、高排放的制造业转向“绿色制造”是实现碳达峰、碳中和的关键一步。本文从核算方法、宏观指标、行业分布、能源结构对制造业碳排放现状进行总结与分析，进而对制造业的通用型碳减排对策和重点行业的低碳工艺进行介绍，并列举了相关商业应用、阐释了技术发展瓶颈。文中指出：制造业减排通用对策包括源头减量，使用清洁能源，碳捕集、利用与封存，工业互联网；重点行业低碳生产工艺主要有氢气直接还原生产钢铁、二氧化碳加氢制甲醇、生物质制生物油等；钢铁、化工、建材、石化及炼焦、有色金属冶炼作为制造业的重要行业，应当选择适应各自生产过程的减排对策为碳中和目标作出贡献。

关键词: 二氧化碳, 制造, 整体优化, 再生能源, 二氧化碳捕集

CLC Number:

X322

ZHANG Fan, WANG Shuzhong, LI Yanhui, YANG Jianqiao, SUN Shenghan. Analysis of CO₂ emission and countermeasures and suggestions for emission reduction in Chinese manufacturing[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(3): 1645-1653.

张凡, 王树众, 李艳辉, 杨健乔, 孙圣瀚. 中国制造业碳排放问题分析与减排对策建议[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(3): 1645-1653.

Figures/Tables 11

机构或方法	核算对象	计算方法
IPCC	区域及行业	$C = E × H × 1 - S × F × O$
CEADs^［2］	区域及行业	能源排放： $C = E × H × F × O$ 水泥生产（工艺排放）： $C = P × F$
自上而下^［3］	钢铁行业	$C = E × F$
自上而下^［4］	化工行业	$C = E × F$
自下而上^［5］	建材行业	$C = P × F$
自下而上^［6］	造纸行业	$C = P × F$

机构或方法	核算对象	计算方法
IPCC	区域及行业	$C = E × H × 1 - S × F × O$
CEADs^［2］	区域及行业	能源排放： $C = E × H × F × O$ 水泥生产（工艺排放）： $C = P × F$
自上而下^［3］	钢铁行业	$C = E × F$
自上而下^［4］	化工行业	$C = E × F$
自下而上^［5］	建材行业	$C = P × F$
自下而上^［6］	造纸行业	$C = P × F$

年份	排放途径	政策情景	强化政策情景	2℃情景	1.5℃情景
2020	能源消耗	37.7	37.7	37.7	37.7
	工业过程	13.2	13.2	13.2	13.2
	总排放量	50.9	50.9	50.9	50.9
2030	能源消耗	45.4	42.1	38.2	14.1
	工业过程	11.7	11.0	9.5	8.8
	总排放量	57.1	53.1	47.7	22.9
2050	能源消耗	36.9	26.2	12.0	4.6
	工业过程	9.2	8.0	4.7	2.5
	总排放量	46.1	34.2	16.7	7.1

代表项目	原料	产品	CO₂减排效应
顺成集团——二氧化碳加氢制甲醇	焦炉煤气	甲醇联产LNG	0.44×10⁸m³/a（标准）
潞安集团——二氧化碳干重整	二氧化碳、天然气	富一氧化碳合成气	60t/d
久泰集团——二氧化碳/合成气一步法制芳烃	二氧化碳/合成气（来自低温甲醇洗装置）	1,2,4,5-四甲苯及粗氢气	—
北京紫顶光合——等离激元光/热催化CO₂制清洁燃油	CO₂、H₂O、工业废热（均来自电厂）	燃料燃油	160×10⁴t/a

References 39

1	BP p.l.c. BP statistical review of world energy[R]. 2021.
2	SHAN Yuli, HUANG Qi, GUAN Dabo, et al. China CO₂ emission accounts 2016—2017[J]. Scientific Data, 2020, 7: 54.
3	LIN Boqiang, WANG Xiaolei. Carbon emissions from energy intensive industry in China: evidence from the iron & steel industry[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015, 47: 746-754.
4	LIN Boqiang, LONG Houyin. Emissions reduction in China’s chemical industry—Based on LMDI[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 53: 1348-1355.
5	CHEN Wanlin, YANG Shiyu, ZHANG Xinzhen, et al. Embodied energy and carbon emissions of building materials in China[J]. Building and Environment, 2022, 207: 108434.
6	MAN Yi, LI Jigeng, HONG Mengna, et al. Energy transition for the low-carbon pulp and paper industry in China[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2020, 131: 109998.
7	项目综合报告编写组. 《中国长期低碳发展战略与转型路径研究》综合报告[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2020, 30(11): 1-25.
	Project Comprehensive Report Writing Group. A comprehensive report on China’s long-term low-carbon development strategy and transformation path[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2020, 30(11): 1-25.
8	An energy sector roadmap to carbon neutrality in China[R]. International Energy Agency, 2021.
9	奚文怡, 蒋小谦, 张默凡, 等. 零碳之路： “十四五”开启中国绿色发展新篇章[R]. 世界资源研究所, 2020.
	XI Wenyi, JIANG Xiaoqian, ZHANG Mofan, et al. Accelerating the net-zero transition: strategic action for China’s 14th five-year plan[R]. World Resources Institute, 2020.
10	WOETZEL J, 许浩, 汪小帆, 等. “中国加速迈向碳中和”钢铁篇：钢铁行业碳减排路径[R]. 麦肯锡公司, 2021.
	WOETZEL J, XU H, WANG X F, et al. “China accelerates towards carbon neutrality” steel chapter: carbon emission reduction path for steel industry[R]. McKinsey & Company, 2021.
11	WOETZEL J, 许浩, 汪小帆, 等. “中国加速迈向碳中和”水泥篇：水泥行业碳减排路径[R]. 麦肯锡公司, 2021.
	WOETZEL J, XU H, WANG X F, et al. “China accelerates towards carbon neutrality” cement chapter: carbon emission reduction path for cement industry[R]. McKinsey & Company, 2021.
12	CHONG C H, TAN W X, TING Z J, et al. The driving factors of energy-related CO₂ emission growth in Malaysia: the LMDI decomposition method based on energy allocation analysis[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2019, 115: 109356.
13	CHEN Y W, WONG C W Y, YANG R, et al. Optimal structure adjustment strategy, emission reduction potential and utilization efficiency of fossil energies in China[J]. Energy, 2021, 237: 121623.
14	HOWARTH R W, JACOBSON M Z. How green is blue hydrogen? [J]. Energy Science & Engineering, 2021, 9(10): 1676-1687.
15	李函珂, 党成雄, 杨光星, 等. 面向二氧化碳捕集的过程强化技术进展[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(12): 4919-4939.
	LI Hanke, DANG Chengxiong, YANG Guangxing, et al. Process intensification techniques towards carbon dioxide capture: a review[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(12): 4919-4939.
16	ABUELGASIM S, WANG W J, ABDALAZEEZ A. A brief review for chemical looping combustion as a promising CO₂ capture technology: fundamentals and progress[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 764: 142892.
17	BACHU S. CO₂ storage in geological media: role, means, status and barriers to deployment[J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2008, 34(2): 254-273.
18	KREVOR S C M, LACKNER K S. Enhancing serpentine dissolution kinetics for mineral carbon dioxide sequestration[J]. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 2011, 5(4): 1073-1080.
19	刁玉杰, 张森琦, 郭建强, 等. CO₂地质储存泄露安全风险评价方法初探[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2012, 22(8): 84-89.
	DIAO Yujie, ZHANG Senqi, GUO Jianqiang, et al. Preliminary research on CO₂ leakage safety risk assessment method of geological storage project[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2012, 22(8): 84-89.
20	SAIRA, JANNA F, LE-HUSSAIN F. Effectiveness of modified CO₂ injection at improving oil recovery and CO₂ storage—Review and simulations[J]. Energy Reports, 2020, 6: 1922-1941.
21	余晓晖, 刘默, 蒋昕昊, 等. 工业互联网体系架构2.0[J]. 计算机集成制造系统, 2019, 25(12): 2983-2996.
	YU Xiaohui, LIU Mo, JIANG Xinhao, et al. Industrial Internet architecture 2.0[J]. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 2019, 25(12): 2983-2996.
22	杨晨, 马瑞成, 王雨石, 等. 深度学习与工业互联网安全：应用与挑战[J]. 中国工程科学, 2021, 23(2): 95-103.
	YANG Chen, MA Ruicheng, WANG Yushi, et al. Deep learning and industrial Internet security: application and challenges[J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2021, 23(2): 95-103.
23	胡琳, 杨建军, 韦莎, 等. 工业互联网标准体系构建与实施路径[J]. 中国工程科学, 2021, 23(2): 88-94.
	HU Lin, YANG Jianjun, WEI Sha, et al. Construction and implementation path for industrial Internet standards system in China[J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2021, 23(2): 88-94.
24	王玲, 李广建, 张文娟, 等. 富氧底吹粗铜熔炼渣中铜的赋存状态研究[J]. 有色金属(冶炼部分), 2019(9): 97-102.
	WANG Ling, LI Guangjian, ZHANG Wenjuan, et al. Mineralogical study of copper loss in oxygen bottom blown smelting slag[J]. Nonferrous Metals (Extractive Metallurgy), 2019(9): 97-102.
25	LIN Boqiang, XU Lin. Energy conservation of electrolytic aluminum industry in China[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015, 43: 676-686.
26	VOGL V, ÅHMAN M, NILSSON L J. Assessment of hydrogen direct reduction for fossil-free steelmaking[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018, 203: 736-745.
27	SUOPAJÄRVI H, UMEKI K, MOUSA E, et al. Use of biomass in integrated steelmaking—Status quo, future needs and comparison to other low-CO₂ steel production technologies[J]. Applied Energy, 2018, 213: 384-407.
28	BAO Qipeng, GUO Lei, GUO Zhancheng. A novel direct reduction-flash smelting separation process of treating high phosphorous iron ore fines[J]. Powder Technology, 2021, 377: 149-162.
29	MAIHATCHI AHAMED A, PONS M N, RICOUX Q, et al. Production of electrolytic iron from red mud in alkaline media[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2020, 266: 110547.
30	CHEN Gaofeng, YUAN Yifei, JIANG Haifeng, et al. Electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia via direct eight-electron transfer using a copper-molecular solid catalyst[J]. Nature Energy, 2020, 5(8): 605-613.
31	武娟妮, 张岳玲, 田亚峻, 等. 新型煤化工的生命周期碳排放趋势分析[J]. 中国工程科学, 2015, 17(9): 69-74.
	WU Juanni, ZHANG Yueling, TIAN Yajun, et al. Anylysis on carbon emission based on the life cycle of new coal chemical industry[J]. Engineering Sciences, 2015, 17(9): 69-74.
32	王明华. 氢能-煤基能源产业战略转型路径研究[J]. 现代化工, 2021, 41(7): 1-4.
	WANG Minghua. Research on strategic transformation paths for hydrogen energy-coal-based energy industry[J]. Modern Chemical Industry, 2021, 41(7): 1-4.
33	GHOSH S, SEBASTIAN J, OLSSON L, et al. Experimental and kinetic modeling studies of methanol synthesis from CO₂ hydrogenation using In₂O₃ catalyst[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2021, 416: 129120.
34	HU Jingting, YU Liang, DENG Jiao, et al. Sulfur vacancy-rich MoS₂ as a catalyst for the hydrogenation of CO₂ to methanol[J]. Nature Catalysis, 2021, 4(3): 242-250.
35	LI Ziwei, LIN Qian, LI Min, et al. Recent advances in process and catalyst for CO₂ reforming of methane[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2020, 134: 110312.
36	WANG D, XIE Z H, POROSOFF M D, et al. Recent advances in carbon dioxide hydrogenation to produce olefins and aromatics[J]. Chem., 2021, 7(9): 2277-2311.
37	MATHEW G M, RAINA D, NARISETTY V, et al. Recent advances in biodiesel production: challenges and solutions[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 794: 148751.
38	CHHANDAMA M V L, SATYAN K B, CHANGMAI B, et al. Microalgae as a feedstock for the production of biodiesel: a review[J]. Bioresource Technology Reports, 2021, 15: 100771.
39	谭天伟, 陈必强, 张会丽, 等. 加快推进绿色生物制造助力实现“碳中和”[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(3): 1137-1141.
	TAN Tianwei, CHEN Biqiang, ZHANG Huili, et al. Accelerate promotion of green bio-manufacturing to help achieve “carbon neutrality”[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(3): 1137-1141.

[1]	ZHENG Qian, GUAN Xiushuai, JIN Shanbiao, ZHANG Changming, ZHANG Xiaochao. Photothermal catalysis synthesis of DMC from CO₂ and methanol over Ce_0.25Zr_0.75O₂ solid solution [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 319-327.
[2]	DAI Huantao, CAO Lingyu, YOU Xinxiu, XU Haoliang, WANG Tao, XIANG Wei, ZHANG Xueyang. Adsorption properties of CO₂ on pomelo peel biochar impregnated by lignin [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 356-363.
[3]	CHEN Chongming, CHEN Qiu, GONG Yunqian, CHE Kai, YU Jinxing, SUN Nannan. Research progresses on zeolite-based CO₂ adsorbents [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 411-419.
[4]	SUN Yuyu, CAI Xinlei, TANG Jihai, HUANG Jingjing, HUANG Yiping, LIU Jie. Optimization and energy-saving of a reactive distillation process for the synthesis of methyl methacrylate [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 56-63.
[5]	YANG Hanyue, KONG Lingzhen, CHEN Jiaqing, SUN Huan, SONG Jiakai, WANG Sicheng, KONG Biao. Decarbonization performance of downflow tubular gas-liquid contactor of microbubble-type [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 197-204.
[6]	WANG Shengyan, DENG Shuai, ZHAO Ruikai. Research progress on carbon dioxide capture technology based on electric swing adsorption [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(S1): 233-245.
[7]	YANG Ying, HOU Haojie, HUANG Rui, CUI Yu, WANG Bing, LIU Jian, BAO Weiren, CHANG Liping, WANG Jiancheng, HAN Lina. Coal tar phenol-based carbon nanosphere prepared by Stöber method for adsorption of CO₂ [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(9): 5011-5018.
[8]	LI Bogeng, LUO Yingwu, LIU Pingwei. Consideration on research content and method of polymer product engineering [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(8): 3905-3909.
[9]	WANG Yaogang, HAN Zishan, GAO Jiachen, WANG Xinyu, LI Siqi, YANG Quanhong, WENG Zhe. Strategies for regulating product selectivity of copper-based catalysts in electrochemical CO₂ reduction [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(8): 4043-4057.
[10]	LIU Yi, FANG Qiang, ZHONG Dazhong, ZHAO Qiang, LI Jinping. Cu facets regulation of Ag/Cu coupled catalysts for electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(8): 4136-4142.
[11]	HUANG Yufei, LI Ziyi, HUANG Yangqiang, JIN Bo, LUO Xiao, LIANG Zhiwu. Research progress on catalysts for photocatalytic CO₂ and CH₄ reforming [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(8): 4247-4263.
[12]	LOU Baohui, WU Xianhao, ZHANG Chi, CHEN Zhen, FENG Xiangdong. Advances in nanofluid for CO₂ absorption and separation [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(7): 3802-3815.
[13]	BAI Yadi, DENG Shuai, ZHAO Ruikai, ZHAO Li, YANG Yingxia. Exploration on standardized test scheme and experimental performance of temperature swing adsorption carbon capture unit [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(7): 3834-3846.
[14]	XUE Kai, WANG Shuai, MA Jinpeng, HU Xiaoyang, CHONG Daotong, WANG Jinshi, YAN Junjie. Planning and dispatch of distributed integrated energy systems for industrial parks [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(7): 3510-3519.
[15]	LU Shijian, ZHANG Yuanyuan, WU Wenhua, YANG Fei, LIU Ling, KANG Guojun, LI Qingfang, CHEN Hongfu, WANG Ning, WANG Feng, ZHANG Juanjuan. Health risk assessment of nitrosamine pollutant diffusion in a million ton CO₂ capture project [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(6): 3209-3216.

Analysis of CO₂ emission and countermeasures and suggestions for emission reduction in Chinese manufacturing

中国制造业碳排放问题分析与减排对策建议

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 11

References 39

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments