Abstract:

Through thermodynamic, combustion dynamics, and gas dynamics analyses, a physical and mathematical model is refined. The CFD method is employed to simulate the hydrogen/air deflagration process in hydrogen refueling stations under three constraint configurations. Validation against previous experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the mathematical model. This study investigates the impact of hydrogen leakage explosion accidents in hydrogen refueling stations with different constraint types. The results indicate that the flame shape is significantly influenced by the constraints. The development of the overpressure field can be divided into an overpressure accumulation phase and a release phase. A mechanism for the formation of combined deflagration pressure waves is proposed: the flame burns layer by layer, with the energy produced accumulating layer by layer. The superimposed energy is released outward in the form of overpressure shock waves, which under the induction of the top constraint, form a mesh-like structure of combined overpressure shock waves. Risk assessment based on overpressure criteria demonstrates that detonation intensity peaks under full constraint, with overpressure shock waves exceeding 200kPa. This hazardous condition poses fatal risks to personnel within 0—8.29 m.

Key words: hydrogen, explosions, numerical simulation, overpressure shock wave, disaster effects

摘要：

通过热力学、燃烧动力学和气体动力学分析，提炼出物理与数学模型，然后应用计算流体力学（CFD）方法对3种约束下的加氢站氢气/空气爆燃过程进行求解，通过与以往实验结果进行对比，验证了数学模型的有效性。本文研究了不同约束类型的加氢站中氢气泄漏爆炸过程。结果表明：火焰形状受到约束的影响较大，建筑物可以阻碍火焰的发展。根据爆燃超压场变化趋势将爆燃过程分为超压积聚期与超压释放期。提出了爆燃压力组合波形成机制，包括火焰层层燃烧，产生的能量层层积累，叠加的能量以超压冲击波的形式向外释放，进而在顶部约束诱导下形成网状结构超压组合冲击波。依据超压准则对氢气爆炸事故进行风险评估。全约束形式下爆燃强度最大，超压冲击波超过了200kPa，在0~8.29m范围内可造成人员死亡。

关键词: 氢, 爆炸, 数值模拟, 超压冲击波, 灾害效应