Abstract:

In order to clarify the influence of mineral compounds on the migration and transformation of heavy metals during the incineration of oily sludge, this paper took the oily sludge from the tank bottom of Shengli Oilfield as the research object, and conducted incineration experiments with the addition of CaO, Fe₂O₃, Al₂O₃, and MgO using a horizontal tube furnace. The total amount, leaching characteristics and risk analysis of heavy metals in the obtained incineration bottom ash were carried out respectively. The results showed that minerals indicated good adsorption effect on heavy metals during incineration, and CaO exhibited the best adsorption effect on Cu, Cr, Pb and As with a residual rate of 93.40% for Cu. Different mineral compounds were found different inhibition effects on heavy metal leaching. In general, Al₂O₃ had the strongest inhibition effect on the leaching characteristics of Cr, Zn, Pb, As and Cd with leaching rates of Zn, Pb, and As all below 5%. The impact of minerals on the risk of heavy metals was no strong regularity. CaO and Al₂O₃ had a significant effect on reducing the risk of Zn and As with the bioavailable content of Zn and As both below 18%.

Key words: oily sludge, incineration, mineral compounds, heavy metal, migration and transformation

摘要：

为了厘清矿物质化合物对含油污泥焚烧过程中重金属迁移转化的影响规律，以胜利油田罐底含油污泥为研究对象，在水平管式炉上分别进行了含油污泥添加CaO、Fe₂O₃、Al₂O₃、MgO后的焚烧实验，对获得的焚烧底灰分别进行了重金属总量、浸出特性以及风险性分析。研究结果表明：矿物质在焚烧过程中形成的残渣对重金属均有一定的吸附作用，CaO对Cu、Cr、Pb和As的吸附效果最好，其中Cu的残留率达到93.40%。不同矿物质化合物对重金属浸出的抑制效果不同，其中Al₂O₃对Cr、Zn、Pb、As、Cd的浸出特性表现出了最强的抑制效果，且Zn、Pb和As的浸出率均低于5%。矿物质对重金属风险性影响的规律性不强，CaO和Al₂O₃对降低Zn和As的风险性效果较为显著，Zn和As生物有效态含量均低于18%。

关键词: 含油污泥, 焚烧, 矿物质, 重金属, 迁移转化