Abstract: Metal ions are widely distributed in nature and they have key roles in the environment,bioscience and medical science. Some metal ions,such as Hg²⁺,Fe³⁺,Cu²⁺,Zn²⁺ and Al³⁺,play important roles in the physiology and pathology of organisms. An excess or deficiency of these metal ions would lead to physiological dysfunction and cause a variety of diseases. Recently,reaction-based fluorescence probes have attracted considerable attention due to their high sensitivity and good selectivity. This review mainly focuses on reaction-based fluorescence probes for the detection of metal ions in the past five years. The design and synthesis of probes,their sensing mechanisms and their applications were summarized. Currently,the reaction-based fluorescence probes are still in their initial stages and hence many problems need to be solved. With the resolution of these problems,reaction-based fluorescence probes would show higher sensitivities with less reaction-time and possess wider applications. In the future,reaction-based fluorescence probes should show efficient development in biological detection and expand practical applications.

Key words: chemical reaction, probe, selectivity, metal ions

摘要： 金属离子广泛存在于自然界中，与环境科学、生命科学、医学等领域有着密切的联系。一些金属离子如Hg²⁺、Fe³⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺、Al³⁺等，在生物体的生理和病理中扮演着重要角色，摄入过量或不足都会导致生理功能的紊乱，引发各种疾病。近几年来，反应型荧光探针因其高选择性和高灵敏性的特点得到了快速的发展。本文主要综述了近五年来反应型荧光探针在检测金属离子中的研究进展，主要介绍了各类探针分子的设计合成、传感机理、检测结果以及其在生物检测中的应用。指出反应型荧光探针的研究发展还处在初级阶段，该领域将会朝着灵敏度更高、反应时间更少、应用范围更广的方向发展，此外，反应型荧光探针在生物检测以及实际应用方面也有望得到进一步的应用发展。

关键词: 化学反应, 探针, 选择性, 金属离子