Abstract: Blocking in heat-exchanging units could reduce heat exchanging efficiency and decrease the oil quality. In order to solve the problem，different types of heat-exchanging unit and operation parameters were tried with little improvement in the past. This research presented a method of determining the causes of blocking in heat-exchangers. The authors took samples from inlet and outlet of oil and the blockage components. Chemical analysis，XRD diffraction，scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and other means were employed in the analysis qualitatively and quantitatively. The main components of blockage were found to be heavy oil and silicon aluminum. The heavy components in the crude oil were easily separated and deposited on the tube wall，resulting in stronger adsorption of inorganic components in the oil，accelerating the deposition of asphaltenes. Therefore， a group of organic and inorganic clogs was formed，causing the blocking in the heat-exchanging unit.

Key words: heat-exchanging unit, blockage, asphaltenes, silicon aluminum scale

摘要： 原油稳定站换热器结垢堵塞造成换热效率下降，降低原稳效果，影响外输油品质。为了解决大庆油田田某原稳站换热器堵塞问题，研究人员采用不同类型换热器和运行参数，收效甚低。鉴于此，本文通过对换热器堵塞物和进出口进行取样，采用化学分析、XRD衍射、扫描电镜等手段对其成分进行定性和定量分析，确定了造成换热器堵塞的原因。即三采采油技术发展导致来油杂质含量高，一是油中无机组分特别是硅离子和铝离子经过一定化学反应形成硅铝垢层吸附在管壁；二是油品中重质组分含量高，易于从油中脱离出来吸附在管壁，重质油又加强了无机垢组分在管壁吸附力，加速了无机组分沉积，形成了一个有机和无机混合的堵塞物团，最终导致换热器堵塞，换热效率降低。

关键词: 换热器, 堵塞物, 沥青质, 硅铝垢